Unit 15 What do people eat?

單元教學目標

1. 本單元圍繞“什麼國家的人經常吃什麼”開展教學活動，介紹不同國家的飲食習慣，學習幾十個食物名詞。

2. 怎麼處理家務，誰常處理家務。

3. 如何招待客人，及餐廳中的就餐程序。

4. 學習總結簡單句的五種基本句型。

【重點難點解析】

1. Would you like anything else? 你們還想要別的東西嗎?

else adj “別的，其他的，另外”常放在疑問代詞，不定代詞後面。如：

What else did he say? 他還説了些什麼?

Anything else I can do for you? 我還能為你做些別的事嗎?

else 作 adv，放在疑問副詞後面。如：

Where else did you go? 你還去過別的地方嗎?

When else 別的什麼時間，其他什麼時候。

other “別的，其他的”只放在名詞前，修飾名詞。

2. Either mum or I cook supper. 不是媽媽做晚飯便就是我作晚飯。

Neither dad nor my brother helps. 爸爸不幫忙，哥哥也不幫忙。

Either A or B, “不是A就是B，要麼是A要麼是B。”

Neither A nor B. “A不……B也不怎麼……；A既不……B也不……”

注意這兩個短語中，A和B的結構類別要一致，連接主語時，謂語動詞需與鄰近的主語相一致 。如：

Neither I nor he knows it. 我和他都不知道這事。

Neither she nor I am right. 她和我都不對。

Either she or I am right. 要麼她對，要麼我對。

而在 both A and B 中，連接兩主語時應看作複數。

Both she and I are right. 她和我都對。

3. 簡單句的五種基本句型

如果句子只包含一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)結構，而句子各個成分都只由單詞或短語表示，它就是簡單句。

簡單句的基本句型先介紹以下幾種：

(1)主語+及物動詞+賓語(及物動詞後必須帶賓語)

He is reading an interesting story book.

主語 謂語 賓 語

We have classes every day.

主 語 謂語 賓語 狀語

(2)主語+不及物動詞(不及物動詞後不能帶賓語)

Tom is playing.

主語 謂語

They often speak at the meeting.

主語 狀語 謂語 狀語

(3)主語+連繫動詞+表語

Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

主語 連繫動詞 表 語

The news is very exciting .

主語 連繫動詞 表 語

(4)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。

She gave me a new pen.

主語 謂語間賓 直接賓語

He bought us some bananas.

主語 謂語 間賓 直賓

在這種句型是及物動詞都帶雙賓語，間接賓語在直接賓語前的句子中，如果要先説直接賓語，間接賓語要加介詞to、for等。

如：She gave a new pen to me.

He bought some bananas for us.

通常用於這種句型的動詞有give， hand, read, show, tell, throw, wish, buy, do, make, ask, leave等

(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語

We call the girl Lily. (名詞作賓語補足語)

主語 謂語 賓語 賓補

He keep the room warm. (形容詞作賓語補足語)

The teacher told him not to go. (不定式作賓補)

主語 謂語 賓語 賓補

A. call, name, make 等動詞通常用名詞作賓語補足語。

They named their son Dick. 他們給兒子起名叫迪克。

We made him our monitor. 我們選他當班長。

B. keep, get, find, make 等動詞常用形容詞作賓語補足語。

Please keep the place clean. 請保持這個地方乾淨。

Don't get your clothes dirty. 不要把衣服弄髒了。

He found the room empty. 他發現房間裏空空的。

We want to make our school more beautiful. 我們要讓我們學校更美。

C. 不定式作賓語補足語通常用在ask, like, tell, want 等動詞之後。

He asked me to come again. 他請我再來。

I like the children to study hard. 我喜歡孩子們努力學習。

She wants her son to get up early. 她要她兒子起身早。

D. 在使役動詞let, have, make 和感官動詞 see, watch, hear, feel 等後面的賓語補足語的不定式不帶to， help 後面的賓語補足語不定式帶to 不帶 to 都可以。如：

Let me do it. 讓我做這件事。

Don't have the students do too much homework. 不要使學生做太多的家庭作業。

Every day he made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat. 每天他使一個較小的動物給他帶來一些吃的東西。

I saw the boy come in. 我看見那男孩進來了。

We often watch them play basketball. 我經常看見他們打籃球。

Did you hear him open the door? 你聽見他開門的嗎?

I helped her(to) do some washing. 我幫她洗了些衣服。

核心知識

【常用單詞積累】

both, butter, cabbage, chocolate, chopsticks. cupboard, pizza either, even, few, Italian, Italy. madam, neither. nor. oil, salt, pea order, seem. take-away, take a seat. 坐下，就座. neither…or…即不…也不…，kinds of 各種各樣的， a few 一些，有一點兒， either…or…，或者…或者… a bit of 少量的，一點，a little, 有一 點，at the table 在桌子旁，hot food 辣食，熱飯， hot dogs 熱狗， Chinese food 中餐， fast food 快餐. ice cream 冰淇淋 Chinese restaurant 中餐館 do some cooking 做飯菜, agree with 同意… Chinese tea without anything 中國清茶. take-away food. 可帶走的熟食 home cooking 家常飯 in the open air 在野外, apple pies 蘋果餅 be famous for. 因……而著名。

【基礎知識精講】

1. -They eat a lot of beef in England. 在英國，人們牛肉吃的多.

-So do we. 我們也是這樣.

在英語中，説“甲如何如何，乙也如何如何”，為了避免重複第一句話，第二句話常用so+be(have或其它助動詞、情態動詞)+主語來表達，並且前後兩句的時態、助動詞均要求一致，如：

Mary likes Chinese. So does Tom. 瑪麗喜歡漢語，湯姆也喜歡。

A fish can swim, and so can I. 魚能游泳，我也能游泳。

You have a brother, and so have I. 你有一個兄弟，我也有一個。

His mother went shopping, and so did her mother. 他的媽媽去買東西了，她的媽媽也去了。

另外注意本課中People eat a lot of. =People often eat, a lot of= often“經常”

2. few, a few, little, a little

few和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“幾乎沒有”；而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些、有一點”。few, a few用於修飾可數名詞複數。而little, a little 修飾不可數名詞。

如：I have little money. 我幾乎沒錢了。

I have a little money. 我有一點錢。

He has a few friends, but he has few good friends. 他有幾個朋友，但是沒有什麼好朋友。

3. Help yourself to some soup. 隨便喝些湯吧。

help yourself“隨便吃”常用於招待客人時客套語。説吃喝某東西時，常加介詞to。如：

①Help yourself to some fish. 請隨便吃些魚吧。

②Help yourself to some tea. 請自己隨便用些喝的。

4. take-away作名詞“可帶走的熟食，快餐食品”。作形容詞作“可帶走的，外賣的，可帶到外面的”如：

take-away food 快餐食品=fast food. 對應詞是home cooking food 家常飯。又如：Are Chinese take-away very popular in England? (作名詞)

中國快餐在英國很受歡迎嗎?

5. fish and chips. 炸魚和炸土豆條。作為一食品名詞chip需加s。而fish and chip修飾名詞，作定語時，chip不加s。如：

People usually buy it in a fish and chip shop.

人們通常在炸魚和土豆條的店裏買它。

這裏的fish和chip作shop的定語。在英語中一個名詞作另一個名詞的定語，往往表示類別，不表示所屬(故不用’s形式)，名詞的修飾詞往往用其單數形式，如：

weather report 天氣預報

coffee cup 咖啡杯

girl student 女學生

season ticket 季票

paper bag 紙袋

eye care 視力保護

fruit shop 水果店

6. do some cleaning“搞衞生”some可用the代替，即do the cleaning. 類似用法還有：do some cooking “做飯”= cook the food. do some washing=Wash some clothing. do so me shopping=go shopping.

另外注意本單元由do構成的短語：do some housework 幹家務. do farm work 做農活。

7. chicken(雞肉)， pork(豬肉)， beef(牛肉)等作“肉”講時是不可數名詞，chicken 作 “小雞”講時，beef作“菜牛”講時，又是可數名詞。

potatoes, peas, tomatoes, carrots, cabbages 等蔬菜名稱和 apples, pears, oranges, bananas 等水果名稱都是可數名詞。potato和tomato需加詞尾-es構成複數形式。

8. in the open air “在露天地裏，在野(户)外”, in the day time “在白天”, 這兩個短語，介詞都用in.

9. Come and take a seat. 誰來就坐，take a seat “就座，坐下”=sit down.

take + a + n，表示做一次動作。如：

take a both 洗個澡 take a shower 洗個淋浴

take a look 看一看 take a walk 散一散步

take a rest 休息一會 take a run 跑一陣兒

10. Today we're going to have something English.

今天我們打算吃英國的東西(食品)。

不定代詞 something, anything, nothing 等用形容詞修飾時，形容詞應放在其後，如：

Is there anything wrong with the machine? 機器有什麼毛病嗎?

I have something interesting to tell you. 我有點有趣的事要告訴你。

I have nothing important to say. 我沒有什麼重要的話要説。

11. Do you agree with Manju? 你贊同Manju的意見嗎?

agree to sth. 同意某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意見。

agree 後接事件名詞，用介詞 to， 跟指人的名詞或代詞用介詞 with。

如：I agree to his plan. 我同意他的計劃。

we agree with him. 我們同意他的意見。

12. be famous for. 因…而著名

典型例題

【課本難題解答】

1. I think it is much nicer in a .

A. paper's bag B. papers bag C. bag of paper D. paper bag

解析：英語中名詞作定語，表示類別，不表示所屬，不用’s形式，修飾詞用單數，故選D。

2. 在圖畫上你能看見別的東西嗎? (譯成英語)

解析；other, else 都有“別的，另外的”之意。但兩者使用上有區別。else 放在疑問詞或不定代詞之後，other 常放在名詞前作定語，故上句譯為：What else can you see in the picture. What other things can you see in the picture.

3. I have done the work. Is there anything I can do for you?

A. too B. other C. else D. others

選C。

4. I can't understand what you said because I knew English.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

解析：a little, little 修飾不可數名詞，little 是否定意義，a little 表肯定意義。 a few, few 修飾可數名詞。句中 English 是不可數名詞，同時，前面是否定句，由此可知 “不懂英語”，因此選B對。

【閲讀分析點撥】

Every morning, Bob goes to work by bus. As he has a 1 way to go, he always buys a newspaper. It helps to make the time 2 more quickly.

One morning, he turned to the sports page. He wanted to read the report on an important 3 match. The report was 4 interesting that he forgot to get off. He knew this when he looked 5 the window and saw the sea. He got off at 6 station and had to wait a long time for a bus back. Of course, he arrived very 7 at the office. His boss was very 8 when he was told 9 Tom was late.

“Work is 10 than football! ”he shouted.

1. A. easy B. good C. short D. long

2. A. to pass B. past C. pass D. passed

3. A. football B. basketball C. volleyball D. tennis

4. A. much B. so C. such D. very

5. A. out of B. into C. out D. inside

6. A. another B. the other C. the next D. other

7. A. late B. early C. fast D. quickly

8. A. happy B. angry C. glad D. exciting

9. A. which B. how C. when D. why

10. A. most important B. very important

C. more important D. importanter

分析：1. 選D。通過上下句知道，他有一長的路程。2. 選C。make後不定式作賓補不要to。3. 選A。由本文最後一句可知是足球賽，要聯繫上下文。4. 選B。so用在形容詞、副詞前，構成 “so…that…”句型。5. 選A。look out of“從…向外看”。6. 選C。next 意為“下一個” 。7. 選A。late“遲地”作副詞。8. 選B。據文意，老闆肯定是發怒。9. 選D。why表示原因、理由。10. 選C。句中有than, 用比較級。

【有關"Unit 15 What do people eat?" 的教學設計】

教學設計1. c2u20 What Do English People Eat? 教案

學習目標：

單元雙基學習目標

Ⅰ . 語音學習

選擇疑問句的語調：選擇疑問句，前一部分用升調，後一部分用降調。

Ⅱ . 詞彙學習

四會：tonight , real , vegetable , potato , take - away , also , something , English , something , different take - away food

三會：chips , pork , beef , pea , tomato , cabbage , fry , fried , sugar , salt , tea with sugar , home cooking

Ⅲ . 語法學習

學習比較級前的修飾語。掌握多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級。

careful - more careful , ( the ) most careful

Ⅳ . 交際英語

1. I have ／ I've no idea .

2. It's my favourite .

3. I'd like ( Chinese tea ) .

4. Could you pass me the salt , please ?

5. - In England , people eat fish and chips .

- Oh , we don't .

- In the U . S . A . , people eat a lot of beef .

- So do we .

教案內容：

內容1：教學重點與難點

內容2：語法發散思維

內容3：同步練習

教學設計2. 初二英語 Lesson 77 （Unit: What do English people eat？）

前言

教具

錄音機；教學圖片(對應本課生詞)。

學習目標：

1．詞彙(略)。

2．句型：

You must help me do the cooking this afternoon．

3．日常交際用語：談論飲食。

教案內容：

內容1：教學過程

教學設計3. 初二英語 Lesson 78 （Unit: What do English people eat？）

前言

教具

錄音機；上節課用過的圖片等。

學習目標：

1．詞彙(略)。

2．句型：

1)What kind of meat is more popular in China，pork or beef？

2)Which is themost popular，rice，bread or noodles？

3．語法：學習多音節形容詞比較等級的構成和用法。

4．日常交際用語：談論飲食。

教案內容：

內容1：教學過程

教學設計4. 初二英語 Lesson 79 （Unit: What do English people eat？）

前言

教具

錄音機；圖片(同前)。

學習目標：

1．詞彙(略)。

2．語法：繼續學習多音節形容詞比較等級的用法。

3．日常交際用語：

[表示同意與不同意]

-In England，people eat a lot of beef．

-So do we．／Oh，we don’t．

[談論飲食。]

教案內容：

內容1：教學過程

教學設計5. 初二英語 Lesson 80 （Unit: What do English people eat？）

前言

教具

錄音機。

學習目標：

小結本單元所出現的語法、日常交際用語項目。

教案內容：

內容1：教學過程

教學設計6. Unit 20 What do English people eat?

學習目標：

通過本單元教學，使學生初步掌握以下內容：

1．學習並初步掌握表示喜好與厭惡的用語。口頭表達基本流暢，書面表達正確，並能就這個話題詢問他人。

2．學習並初步掌握多音節形容詞比較等級的構成和用法。能獨立完成練習冊有關這部分內容的各種形式的練習，正確率不低於70％。

3．學會本單元列出的表示同意與不同意的用語，並能運用到交際中。

4．學習並初步掌握有關飲食方面的一些詞彙，運用所學句型，簡單談論有關飲食方面的話題。

教師要繼續培養學生閲讀理解能力，繼續訓練學生用簡單英語複述課文的能力

教案內容：

內容1：重點難點

內容2：教學過程

教學設計7. What do English people eat ?英國人吃什麼 ?

學習目標：

Ⅰ. Words and expressions

tonight 今晚 real 真的 chips炸土豆條（片）

pork 豬肉 beef 牛肉 potato 馬鈴薯，土豆

pea 豌豆 tomato西紅柿，番茄 carrot 胡蘿蔔

cabbage 捲心菜，洋白菜 take-away （可帶走的）熟食

fry 油煎 fried 油煎的 sugar 糖

salt 鹽

Ⅱ. Phrases and sentences

1. do the cooking 做飯 2. English food 美國食品 3. What about chicken 要點雞肉怎麼樣 ？ 4. give sb. sth different to eat 給……吃不同的食品 5. some real English food 一些真的美國食品 6. good idea 好主意 7. in England 在英國 8. the most popular food 最受歡迎的食品 9. cook this food 做這種食品 10. take … home 拿回家 11. fried chicken 炸雞肉 12. a fish and chip shop 一家專門經驗魚肉和炸土豆條的商店 13. In English , people eat a lot of beef . 在美國人們吃很多牛肉。 So do I . 我也吃。 14. I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it , please . 我喜歡喝清茶，什麼也不加。 15. home cooking 家常做法 16. in the open air在露天

Ⅲ . Everyday English

1. A. Would you like a cup of tea ?

B. Yes , please !

2. Which kind of meat is more popular in China , pork or beef ?

3. Which is the most popular , rice , bread or noodles ?

4. It must be more delicious !

※ must 在此表示推測，具有較大的可能性。如：This must be Lucy’s .

Ⅳ. Grammar

Making comparison 做比較

The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjectives 形容詞的比較級和最高級

大多數形容詞有三個等級：1）原級 = 原形 2）比較級表示“較……；更……”。 3）最高級表示“最……”的意思。

1、 形容詞比較級和最高級的構成

（1） 規則變化

a.單音節詞和少數雙音節詞的構成方法是：一般在詞尾加-er , 讀[ ? ]，或者加 –est讀 [ ist ]。如：

原級 比較級 最高級

tall taller tallest

long longer longest

clever cleverer cleverest

b. 以字母 e 結尾的形容詞加 –r 或者 –st

fine → finer →finest nice→nicer→nicest

c. 重讀閉音節詞只有一個輔音字母時，應先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er 或 –est

fat → fatter → fattest thin → thinner → thinnest

big → bigger → biggest wet →wetter → wettest

hot → hotter → hottest red →redder → reddest …

d. 以輔音字母 + y 結尾的雙音節詞先改 y 為 i ，再加 –er 或- est

heavy → heavier → heaviest easy → easier → easiest

happy → happier → happiest early → earlier →earliest

B. 多音節詞和部分雙音節詞的構成方法是在其前加 more 或 most

popular → more popular → most popular

careful → more careful → most careful

beautiful →more beautiful → most beautiful

delicious →more delicious →most delicious

(2) 不規則變化

good , well → better → best bad , ill → worse → worst

many , much → more → most little → less → lest

far → farther , further → farthest , furthest

2. 形容詞比較級和最高級的用法

1） 比較級的用法是表示兩者（人或者物）的比較

句型結構為：sb + be + 形容詞的比較級 + than + 其它

Mike is taller than Tom .

Kate has more books than Jim .

Dumpings are more delicious than noodles .

-Which is faster , a car or a bile ?

- A car is faster than a bike .

2) 最高級的用法是表示三者或者三者以上人或者物的比較，其中有一個在某以方面超過其它幾個。最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞 the ， 後面可帶 of , in 短語來説明比較的範圍。其句型結構為：

sb + be + the + 形容詞最高級 + of all …

sb + be + the + 形容詞最高級 + in China …

Li Ming is the youngest (student) in his class .

Winter is the coldest season of the year .

This dress is the most beautiful of the three .

-Which do you like best , pork , beef or chicken ?

- I like chicken best of all .

Exercises :

Ⅰ. 找出劃線部分讀音不同的選項。

1. A. wait B. train C. hair D. again

2. A. present B. twelfth C. before D. west

3. A. above B. radio C. photo D. ago

4. A. fall B. tall C. walk D. salt

5. A. below B. blow C. down D. window

6. A. pea B. real C. easy D. season

7. A. work B. pork C. word D. world

8. A. happy B. candle C. cabbage D. lake

9. A. south B. sugar C. chips D. so

10. A. message B. cabbage C. go D. ago

Ⅱ. 詞彙

A. 根據要求寫出相應的詞

1. well (最高級) 2. delicious （比較級） 3. tomato （複數） 4. five （序數詞） 5. pair （同音詞） 6. free （反義詞） 7. without （反義詞） 8. good （比較級） 9. know （過去式） 10. much （比較級）

B. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。

11. It’s (cloud) today , isn’t it ?

12. Will you go (fish) with us ?

13. He doesn’t like red very much , but he likes blue (well ) .

14. My father enjoys (watch) TV very much .

Ⅲ. 單項填空

1. Of all the pictures this one is .

A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. beautifuller D. the most beautiful

2. Beef is delicious than pork .

A. many more B. much more C. very much D. more more

3. There are students in this class than in that one .

A. many more B. much more C. a lot of D. very more

4. Lily asked you to give her tonight .

A. ring B. the ring C. a ring D. ringing

5. I think it is much nicer in a .

A. paper’s bag B. paper bag C. bag of paper D. paper bag

6. - I don’t like chicken fish .

- I don’t like chicken , I like fish very much .

A. and ; and B. and ; but C. or ; and D. or ; but

7. from Beijing to Paris !

A. How long way it is B. What a long way it is

C. How long way is it D. What long way it is

8. Which is country , America or Australia ?

A. a big B. bigger C. a bigger D. the bigger

9. Which do you like better , or ?

A. beef ; potatoes B. beef ; potatos C. beefs ; potatoes D. beefs ; potatos

Ⅳ. 句型轉換，每空填一個詞。

1. Chen Hui likes English food . (改為否定句)

Chen Hui English food .

2. We shall have pork and fish this evening . (改為一般疑問句)

Have pork and fish this evening .

3. My sister likes bananas best . (就劃線部分提問)

Your sister best ?

4. They usually cook this kind of food at home . (就劃線部分提)

they usually this kind of food ?

Ⅴ. 完形填空

Different countries have different food . If you go to (1) , you may find (2) fish and chip shops along the (3) Fish and chips is the (4) popular take-away food in England . People often (50 this kind of food at shops , (6) sometimes they put the food (7) paper bags and take it (8) or to their work places .

Chinese take-away food is also (9) in England , Australia and the USA , but the most popular take-away food in USA (10) fried chickens . It’s very delicious !

1. A. Australia B. China C. England D. the USA

2. A. few B. no C. much D. many

3. A. around B. street C. ways D. rivers

4. A. very B. most C. quite D. more

5. A. have B. sell C. put D. take

6. A. far B. so C. but D. too

7. A. on B. away C. into D. out of

8. A. home B. office C. house D. school

9. A. different B. cheap C. delicious D. popular

10. A. was B. were C. is D. are

答案：

Ⅰ. 1-5 CCADC 6-10 BBDBC Ⅱ. 1. best 2. more delicious 3. tomatoes 4. fifth 5. pear 6. busy 7. with 8. better 9. know 10. more 11. cloudy 12. fishing 13. best 14. watching 15. driver Ⅲ. 1-5 DBCBA 6-9 DBDA Ⅳ. 1. doesn’t like 2. Shall we 3. What does , like 4. Where do , cook Ⅴ. 1. help , do 2. delicious , eat 3. real ; food 4. boating , no 5. going to Ⅵ. 1-5 CDBBA 6-10 CCADC

【關於“Unit 15 What do people eat?”的常見問題】

常見問題1: Unit 15 What do people eat?

問題：

1. Neither of them at school

A. am B. is C. are D. be

解答:

解析：neither 作主語，表示“兩者中任何一個也不”，謂語要用單數，故選B。

常見問題2: Unit 15 What do people eat?

問題：

我認為這樣不對。

A. I think this is not right B. I don't think this is right

解答:

解析：英語中I think 帶有賓語從句時，否定句要發生否定轉移，否定詞加在主句的謂語部分，譯成漢語時，“不”字譯在賓語從句部分。故選B對。

常見問題3: Unit 15 What do people eat?

問題：

用適當的詞形填空。

1. Guangzhou will be (rain). The temperature will be 10 to 20.

2. There will be a strong (windy)to the north of the Huai River.

3. It will be (sun) tomorrow.

4. The snow (stop)an hour ago.

5. She often helps me (do) my homework.

6. Why not (clean) the room?

7. The boy ate his breakfast . (quick)

8. Lesson is the lesson in the book. (eight)

解答:

1. rainy 2. wind 3. sunny 4. stopped 5. (to)do 6. clean 7. quick, quickly 8. eight, eighth