本章教學目標
1. 通過學習本單元對話，學會介紹已發生事件的常用交際用語，尤其能正確運用特殊問句去詢問；
2. 通過短文閲讀提高閲讀人物傳記文章的能力，瞭解馬丁路德金是偉大的黑人領袖，他為了黑人的平等自由權力而奮鬥不止。培養學生自由民主思想；
3. 複習定語從句，達到完全掌握並能靈活運用。
重點難點突破
【對話】
1．I was on the march.我參加了遊行。on the march在行軍中；在進行；在遊行
注意：march作動詞時的用法
The equipment improvement was on the march.設備改進工作正在進行。
The soldiers were on the march towards the front in spite of the heavy rain.儘管下着大雨，戰士們仍在向前線進軍。
2．For years we have been demanding better housing and jobs.這些年我們一直要求更好的住房條件和職業。demand vt.要求；需要
注意：demand、require、request and ask的異同點
(1) demand something要求(某事)；要求查看；要求説出
The gate keeper demanded my business.守門人問我有何事。
當主語是物時，demand意為“迫切需要”。
This kind of work demands special knowledge.這種工作需要專門知識。
(2)demand to do something要求做(某事)
He demanded to be paid.(He demanded payment)他要求支付工資。
(3) demand of do sth.要求某人做某事
He demanded of me to start at once.他要求我馬上出發。
(4)demand 要求某人某事
It's unfair; too high a price was demanded of/from me.這不公平，跟我要的價錢太高了。
(5) demand that...(賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形或動詞原形)
They demanded that the equal rights(should)be given to everyone.他們要求給每人平等權利。聯想：take part in, attend, take
3．I joined in the march.我參加了這次遊行。
(1)join sth/sb.其後通常跟團體、組織等名詞。也可接活動或表示人方面的名詞，表示參加某活動或和某人一起(幹某事)。
join the strike/organization/discussion參加罷工/組織/討論
Where did your brother study before he joined the army?你哥哥參軍前在哪兒學習？
They joined us for lunch.他們和我們一起吃中飯。
(2)join in sth.表示“參加(某種活動)”，多指參加正在進行的比賽或活動。
The whole school will join in the concert.全校都將參加這次音樂會。
They watched the game, then they were invited to join in.他們先是觀看比賽，後來又被邀請參加。
(3)join sth.其意為“同(某人)一起做某事”。
Will you join us in a walk?你願意同我們一起散步嗎？
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.全家人和我一道祝願你將來幸福。
4．the march h ad been forbidden...……遊行已經被禁止了……
forbid=not allow; order sb not to do sth.禁止；不許。常見的用法有：
forbid something禁止某事；forbid doing something禁止做某事；forbid do sth.禁止某人做某事；forbid .禁止某人某事；forbid that...不準……，禁止……。
The government decided to forbid the meeting.政府決定禁止這次會議。
The law forbids building a factory on this land.法律禁止在這塊土地上建工廠。
My parents forbid me to stay out at night.我的父母不許我在外面過夜。
We forbid the driver wine.=We forbid the driver to drink wine.我們不準司機喝酒。
I forbid that you should leave the house.我不准你離開這個房間。
5．They hit us with their sticks over and over again and put some of us in prison.他們一再用警棍毆打我們，並且把我們中的一些人關進監獄。
put prison/throw prison/send prison把……投入監獄(表動作)；be in prison坐牢(表狀態)：escape from prison逃出監獄
He has been in prison for three years.他已經坐了三年牢。
Law-breakers are put in/into prison.犯法的人都要坐牢。
The thief was sent to prison for a year.那個小偷被送去做了一年牢。
【課文】
1．By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world.他這樣做，從而為世界其它地區樹立了榜樣。
set an example(set example或set an example to sb.)樹立榜樣
He arrived at the office early, to set a good example to the others.為了給其他人樹立一個好榜樣，他早早地來到辦公室。
其它短語，give an example舉例；for example 例如；without example沒有先例；follow/copy the example of 學習……的榜樣，照……的樣子做
2．black people should not be separated...……黑人不應該被隔離……
(1)separate意為“使分開”、“使分離”、“分手”。指把原來結合在一起或混雜的東西分開，被分開的東西沒有任何統一性，有時含有用暴力強行分開之意。
Can you separate oxygen from air.你能把氧氣從空氣中分離出來嗎？
We talked until midnight and then separated.我們談到午夜才分手。
(2)separate還可以作形容詞，意為“單獨的”、“各自的”。
Keep these separate from those.不要把這些和那些混在一起。
The children sleep in separate beds.孩子們各睡各的牀。
divide意為“分開”、“分成”。指把具有統一性的東西分成幾部分，往往含有自然劃分之意，並強調按比例“劃分”、“分隔”成若干部分。
The fence divides the garden in half.籬笆把花園隔成兩半。
3．The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child.花在黑人兒童身上的教育經費只及白人兒童的四分之一。
(1)句中的that是代詞，代替前面提到的the money。代詞that可用來代替前面提到的事物(單數名詞或不可數名詞)，以避免重複這個名詞，但必須是這一名詞在第二次出現時有後置定語。
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar.學習習語和學習語法一樣重要。
(2)如果前面提到的是複數名詞，後面就用those來代替。
The books on the lower shelf are easier than those on the upper shelf.下面架子上的書比上面架子上的書容易些。
4．King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle.金號召黑人不要讓步，而要繼續鬥爭。
give in=surrender, yield, submit投降，屈服，讓步，妥協
In the end the enemy soldiers were for led to give in.最後敵軍士兵被迫投降。
He has to give in to(me)my views(=accepted my views).他已接受了我的觀點。
We decided to give in to the wish of the majority.我們決定尊重大多數人的意見。
5．He used the phrase“I have a dream”many times.他多次重複地用了一句話--“我有一個夢想”。
(1)dream vt.& vi.做夢，夢見。慣用法：dream of/about sb./sth.夢見某人/事，dream of doing sth.夢見做某事，m做一個……夢，dream that...夢見……，dream of home夢遊故鄉。
I dreamed that I was at sea.我夢見我在航海。
He dreamed of becoming a scientist.他夢想成為科學家。
(2)dream.夢，夢想；心願，願望
I had a terrible dream last night.昨晚我做了一個惡夢。
The boy had dreams of being a hero.那男孩曾夢想當一名英雄。
It's my dream to win the first prize.獲得一等獎是我的心願。
6．He admitted that mistakes had been made.他承認自己犯了錯。
admit作及物動詞時，有下列用法：
(1)承認，供認。後面可接名詞、動名詞、賓語從句或含不定式的複合賓語。如：
The thief admitted having stolen the money.小偷承認偷了錢。
I admit the story to be true./I admit that the story is true./I admit the truthofthe story.我承認那故事是真的。
(2)招收，准入
I was admitted into a party.我被吸收入黨。
They admitted me in.他們允許我進入。
He was admitted to the school.他獲准進入那所學校就讀。
【重點難點解析】
1. They hit us with their sticks over and over again and put some of us in prison.
他們一再用警棍打我們，還把我們中的一些人關進監獄。
①句中的over and over again=again and again/over and over/repeatedly
②put. . . in prison或put/throw/last/put sb. into prison
把…關進監獄。在prison前不用冠詞。比較：
go to prison入獄，蹲監獄
go to the prison 去監獄(也許去看望犯人)
in prison 在獄中，被監禁着
in the prison 在監獄中(也許在監獄中工作)
out of prison 出獄
out of the prison 在監獄外
be taken to prison 被關進監獄
break (out of) prison 越獄
escape from prison 逃出監獄
與此類似的還有：go to school 上學
go to the school 到學校去(可能有事)
be at hospital 在住院
be at the hospital 在醫院裏(也許工作)
be at table 在用餐
be at the table 在桌子旁邊
2. She refused to move and was taken away by the police.
①句中的refuse to do sth. 表示不肯做某事，refuse不可接動名詞。也不可接sb. to do sth. , 但可接雙賓語。例：
They refused me permission. 他們拒絕了我的請求。
②the police表示警察羣體。單數形式，複數概念，動詞用複數形式。在英語中有一些像police這樣不以s結尾的複數名詞，無單數形式，常見的有cattle, people, police, youth, public等，表達這些詞的單數概念要用a cow, a person, a policeman, a young person等 。
3. For years we've been demanding better housing and jobs.
許多年來，我們一直在要求較好的住房和工作。
句中的We've been demanding是現在完成進行時態，表示從過去某一時間開始，一直持續到目前的動作，常用句型為“have/has been+現在分詞”。e. g.
I think we should have a rest. We've been working for three hours.
我想我們應休息一會兒。我們一直幹了三個小時了。
4. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
我夢想有一天，我的四個孩子將在一個不以他們的膚色，而是以他們的品格優劣來評價他們的國度裏。
(1)這是一個複合句，由that引導的從句作dream的同位語。在這個同位語從句中， 有一個由where引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞a nation。
(2)judge by意為“以……來判斷；以……來看”，其中的by用來説明手段或方式。
(3) not. . . but. . . 意為“不是……而是……”，引出兩個對等成份。若連接兩個主語，謂語動詞的數應和就近一個主語一致。e. g.
①A man should be judged not by his words, but by his deeds.
不應該從言語上而應從行動上去判斷一個人。
②Not the teacher but the students are interested in the film.
不是老師而是學生對該電影感興趣。
核心知識
【詞彙】
habit something that you do often or regularly
demand ask for very forcefully
housing the buildings that people live in
citizen a person who lives in a country and has full rights of that country
forbid not allowed
separation being separated
revolution a complete change in ways of doing things
equally to the same degree; in an equal manner
liberation being liberated
explode when a bomb explodes , it bursts loudly and with great force, often causing a lot of damage
【短語】
over and over again / prison / set an example (to...) / give in / make a speech / side by side/join in
【句型】
The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child.
【日常交際用語】
用來詢問、探究及介紹別人的遭遇、經歷的交際用語：
1．Haven't you heard...?你沒聽説過嗎？
2．There was a....有……
3．Why was that?為什麼會那樣？
4．What happened(to sb./ sth.)(某人或某事)發生了什麼情況？
5．I imagine....我猜……
【常用單詞積累】
on the march, equal, demand, treat sb as, over and over again, set sb free, to earn money, force sb to do, call for, dream
【基礎知識精講】
1. It's forbidden.
這件事是禁止的。
(1)forbid 禁止，不許。e. g.
The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化學肥料。
(2)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人擁有某物。 e. g.
He forbade his children sweets because he didn't want their teeth to be ruined.
他不準孩子們吃糖，因為他不想讓他們的牙齒受損壞。
(3)forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事。e. g.
The heavy rain forbade us to go out. 大雨妨礙我們外出。
習慣搭配
forbid sb. to do sth. 和prevent sb. from doing在意思上很相近，即“阻止某人做某事 ”。但在結構及搭配上不一樣。e. g.
①The heavy snow forbade the bus to move on. 大雪阻止汽車前行。
②No one can prevent us from carrying out the plan. 任何人都無法阻止我們實施計劃。
2. He fought for political rights for black people in the USA.
他為美國黑人的政治權利而鬥爭。
fight for sth. 為……而戰，為……而奮鬥。e. g.
Women in some countries are still fighting for better jobs and better pay.
一些國家的女性仍在為爭取好工作、好待遇而鬥爭。
習慣搭配
fight against sb/sth同某人或某事作鬥爭。e. g.
Britain fought against the US in the war of independence. 英國在獨立戰爭期間與美 作戰。
3. There black people had equal rights and were free to live , study and work as they wished.
黑人在那裏享有平等的權利，可以像他們所希望的那樣自由地生活、學習和工作。
句中be free to do sth. 自由地做某事，其中free是形容詞，構成詞組be free to do sth , set sb. free(使某人獲得自由), feel free to do sth(自由地做某事)。e. g.
①You are free to go any where you wish. 你願意去那兒就去哪兒。
②Do feel free to ask questions. 請隨便提問題。
③They agreed to set all their prisoners free. 他們同意釋放所有的囚犯。
4. In his life time, he forced the government to liberate the blacks in the USA and gave them equal rights.
在他的一生中，他迫使政府解放美國黑人並給他們平等權利。
(1)句中force作動詞，構成詞組force sb to do sth(迫使某人做某事)。e. g.
①His arguments forced them to admit he was right. 他的論據迫使我們承認他是正確的。
②She won't do it unless you force her (to). 你不強迫她，她就不幹。
(2)用作動詞，意為“施強力於，強行促成，撞開，通過”。e. g.
①We had to force our way through the crowd. 我們不得不從人羣中強行通過。
②The thieves forced an entry into the house. 小偷強行闖入這所房子。
(3)強作，勉強作出。e. g.
Although he was in great pain, he forced a smile. 他雖然很痛苦，仍強作歡笑。
習慣搭配
(1)force用作動詞與on或upon連用，意為“使被迫接受”。e. g.
①He didn't want to be paid, but we forced the money on him.
他不想要報酬，但我們強迫他收下這筆錢。
②I don't want to force myself on you, but I'd be grateful for a lift if you've got same extra room in the car. 我不想勉強你載我，但如果你的車子裏有空位讓我搭個便車，我將不勝感激。
(2) be forced to do sth. “被迫幹某事”和be made to do/be obliged to do sth. 意思相近，但有些細微差異。be forced to do有“強迫、迫使某人就範”，含有“用武力或暴力等手段”之義。be made to do較口語化，即“要求某人做某事”；be obliged to do “有義務、有職責去做某事”。但有時be made to do sth. 和be forced to do sth. 可替換使用。e. g.
①He was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. 由於政治原因，他被迫離開祖國。
②The boy was made/forced to wash the windows, most of which had not been washed for a long time. 這個男孩被迫去洗窗子，其中絕大部分長時間未洗了。
③I felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel. 在這樣一次不愉快的爭吵以後，我覺得有必要離開。
5. King was put in prison. 金被關進監獄。
句中put sb. in prison意為“把某人投進監獄”。prison用作名詞，在表示“被看管，被監禁”的狀態時，prison前不用冠詞或不定冠詞，常和動詞構成短語，但在表達“監獄的建築物”時，前有冠詞。e. g. send sb. to prison送某人進監獄； throw/cast sb. into prison; 把某人投進監獄；put sb in prison/be put in prison; 把某人投進/關進監獄；go to priosn 入獄。
①Many people believe that prison isn't a cure for crime. 許多人認為監禁解決不了犯罪問題。
②The man was put in prison for stealing a car. 那個人因偷汽車而被關進監獄。
習慣搭配
prison 監禁，表示抽象概念，不加冠詞修飾。
a/the prison監獄、牢房，表示監管罪犯的房子及建築物，兩個都作名詞。e. g.
①He had been in prison for twenty years. 他坐了二十年的牢。
②There is a prison near the railway station and there are about two thousand prisoners in the prison. 火車站附近有一座監獄，約兩千犯人被關在裏面。(指建築物)。
③The struggle continued and after a week the prisons were full. 鬥爭仍在繼續，一週後監獄都關滿了人。
6. He used the phrase “I have a dream” many times.
他多次重複地用了一句話--“我有一個夢想”。
句中dream用作名詞，詞意為“夢，夢想，理想”。e. g.
①I had a strange dream about my mother last night. 我昨晚做了個怪夢，夢見了我母親。
②It was his dream to sail his boat around the world. 駕駛自己的小船環球航行是他夢寐以求的理想。
習慣搭配
(1)dream用作動詞，意為“做夢，夢見”，與介詞of或about連用，也可單獨使用。e. g.
①Do you dream at night? 你夜裏做夢嗎?
②“What did you dream about? ” “I dreamt that I was flying to the moon. ”
“你夢見了什麼? ”“我夢見我正飛往月球”。
(2)dream與away連用，意為“(在空想或閒散中)虛度(光陰)”。e. g.
I deeply regret dreaming away the hours. 我極度後悔虛度時光。
(3)dream用作動詞與up連用，意為“虛構出，憑空想出”。e. g.
They can always dream up some new excuse for the train arriving late.
他們總能為火車晚點編出一些新藉口。
【單元知識綱要】
類 別
語 言 項 目
詞 匯
march, forbid, marriage, achieve, equally, murder, unfair, speech, dream, textbook, join in, set an example, make a speech, make enemies, call for
日常交
際用語
Why are you here?
Haven't you heard?
Why was that?
What happened?
I imagine you're not very interested in politics.
語 法
學習定語從句的用法。
典型例題
【閲讀分析點撥】
We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didn't even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold, She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up , Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floors. ”
“Yes. I'm glad they've finally decided to clean them, ” the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, “But aren't you working late? ”
Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to write in the big book.
After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, “Thank you”.
Outside, Mum told me: “Dagmar is fine. No fever”.
“You saw her, Mum? ”
“Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush. ”
1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was .
A. to clean the floor B. to please the nurse
C. to see a patient D. to surprise the story teller
解析 這是一道推斷題。從媽媽拿起拖布越過護士的視線到告訴作者“Dagmar is fine. No fever. ”這一系列情節中可以斷定，C為該題的最佳答案。
2. When the nurse talked to Mum she thought Mum was a .
A. nurse B. visitor C. patient D. cleaner
解析 這也是一道推斷題。護士之所以沒有攔住媽媽，她一定是以為媽媽是位清掃工。故D為最佳答案。
3. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A. It is a children's hospital
B. It has strict rules about visiting hours
C. The conditions there aren't very good
D. The nurses and doctors there don't work hard
解析 這仍然是道推斷題。媽媽裝扮成清潔工正是由於醫院有着嚴格的探視制度，故B為最佳答案。
4. From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely .
A. the story teller's sister B. Mum's friend
C. the story teller's classmate D. Dad's boss
解析 該題的最佳答案為A。從“You saw her, Mum? ”和“…Dad will stop worrying as well. …”這組對話中可以推斷出，病人是作者的妹妹。
5. Which of the following words best describes Mum?
A. strange B. warm hearted
C. clever D. hard working
解析 媽媽之所以能成功地躲過護士的監視，在非探視時間內走入病房，正説明了她的聰明。故C為最佳答案。
【課本難題解答】
Lesson 73
3. 1)The teachers are demanding better housing and wages.
2)The law strictly forbids people to destroy forests.
3) In the past some people in America did not treat the black people as equal citizens.
4) Every morning he listens to the news broadcast, does some exercises, and then reads the English texts over and over again.
5)My father has been a Party member for more than twenty years.
6) Tens of thousands of woman attended the World Women's Conference in Beijing in 1995.
説明：1)wage作“工資”解，常用複數。
2)forbid常接複合賓語，即：forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人幹某事。
5)或：It has been more than 20 years since my father joined the Party.
Lesson 74
3. voter, banker, broadcaster, ruler, actor, marcher, listener, builder, keeper, sailor, supporter, organizer
説明：“er”是後綴，“or”也是後綴，附在一些名詞、動詞的後面，表示“…… 的人”或“……者”。如：supporter支持者，broadcaster廣播員，sailor水手。
Lesson 75
3. 1) The house, which had been one of the most beautiful in the city, was destroyed during the war.
2)The furniture(which) my uncle collected was made in China.
3)The bridge, which was built in 1893, connects the east part with the west of the town.
4)Most of the students still remember the day when they said goodbye to each other at the railway station.
5)The teacher showed the students around the museum, in which they were interested.
6)At six o'clock in the morning, I went to the park where I found many people doing morning exercises.
7)Most of the students liked and respected their English teacher, whose lectures were very interesting.
説明：3)“which”不能改為“where”，因為which在該定語從句中作主語 。which也不能改為that，因為that不能引導非限制性定語從句。
【有關"Unit 19 A freedom fighter" 的教學設計】
教學設計1. g2u19 A Freedom Fighter 教案
學習目標：
單元雙基學習目標
Ⅰ. 詞彙學習
四會單詞和詞組：march , demand , join in , over and over again , dream , side by side , citizen , forbid , put … in prison , set an example , peaceful , bill , murder , unfair , speech , make a speech , clerk , chairman , admit , feeling
三會單詞和詞組：housing , minister , separation , marriage , revolution , liberate , liberation , equally , explode , content ( n .) , tour , textbook , tennis , educate , achieve , bomb , childhood , give in , passport , minority
Ⅱ. 交際英語
Asking the time and dates ( 問時間和日期 )
Some useful expressions ：
1 . What day is ( it ) today ?
2. What's the date today ?
3. Excuse me , what time is it by your watch ?
4 It's Monday/Tuesday… It's January 10th .
Ⅲ. 語法學習
使用情態動詞要注意的問題
下面是同學們在使用情態動詞時經常出現的問題，也是情態動詞中的難點，而且又是近來高考的熱點。
一、要注意一些同義、近義的情態動詞的區別
1 . 表示可能性的 can't 與 may not 的區別。
can't 常常表示“不可能”、“一定不”，may not 表示“可能不、或許不”。很明顯，can't 比 may not 語氣強，把握性大。如：
The man standing over there _____ be Jack . He's gone to Hong Kong .
A . mustn't B . can't C . won't D . may not
説話者既然知道“He's gone to Hong Kong”，那麼對“The man 不是 Jack”一定滿有把握，故正確選項為 B。
2 . 表示“能夠”意義的 can 與 be able to 的區別。
凡表示“經過努力、設法做成某事”時不用 can，須用 be able to。如：
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly , but everyone _____ get out . ( NMET97 )
A . had to B . would C . could D . was able to
句意為：大火瀰漫整個旅館，但人位學是設法逃了出來。故正確選項為D。
3 . 表示“不能”意義的 can't 與 mustn't 的區別。
can't 表示“不能”，是指無能力；mustn't 表示“不能”則指的是“禁止，不允許”。在口語裏，can't 也可表示“禁止，不允許”，但語氣不如 mustn't 強。如：
( 1 ) 他年紀小，不能上學。
【 正 】He is so young that he can't go to school .
( 2 ) 裏邊正在開會，不能吵鬧。
【 正 】There's meeting inside . You mustn't make any noise .
【 誤 】There is a meeting inside . You can't make any noise .
二、要注意幾個使用的特定範圍
1 . 表示推測時，can 不能用在肯定句中 ( 但 could 能 ) ；may 和 might 不能用在疑問句中。如：
( 1 ) Peter _____ come with us tonight , but he isn't very sure yet . ( MET93 )
A . must B . may C . can D . will
句意為：Peter 有可能同我們一塊兒來，但還不肯定。正確選項為 B。
( 2 ) _____ it be a sunny day tomorrow?
A . Can B . May C . Shall D . Should
句意為：明天可能是睛天嗎?正確選項是 A。
2 . 作為情態動詞，need 和 dare 不能用在肯定句中 ( 條件狀語從句除外 ) 。肯定句中，須把它們用作實義動詞，後接帶 to 的不定式。如：
【 誤 】We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter , I'll give you a help .
3 . 在回答由 could 和 might 引起的表示請示的一般疑問句時，不能用 could 和 might ( 應分別用 can 和 may ) 回答。如：
- Could I borrow your dictionary?
- Yes , of course you _____ . ( MET92 )
A . might B . will C . can D . could
正確選項為 C。
三、要注意一些“形意不一致”的現象
1 . 過去式 could 或 might 後接動詞原形可以表示對現在或將來 ( 不是對過去 ) 的推測。如：
I'm afraid it _____ snow tonight .
A . can B . should C . might D . must
2 . may ( not ) 和 can't 後接動詞的完成式，表示對過去 ( 不是對現在或將來 ) 的推測。如：
- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well .
- It _____ a comfortable journey .
A . can't have been B . couldn't be C . mustn't have been D . shouldn't be
四、要注意情態動詞的常用形式的反常使用。
1 . should 和 ought to 後接動詞原形，常表示“應該……”；但也可用來表示推測，意為“想必會……”。如：
( 1 ) It's nearly seven o'clock . Jack _____ be here ar any moment . ( NMET95 )
A . must B . need C . should D . can
句意為：“快七點鐘了，想必傑克隨時會到的”。正確選項為 C。
( 2 ) - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon .
- They _____ be ready by 12∶00 . ( NMET98 )
A . can B . should C . might D . need
句意為“ - 我什麼時候來取像片呢?我可是明天下午需要這些像片。”“ - 像片想必會在 ( 明日中午 ) 十二點以前洗出的。”正確選項為 B。情態動詞表示推測，語氣由強到弱的是：must ( 一定會 ) →ought to / should ( 想必會 ) →can / could ( 可能 ) →may / might ( 也許，或許 ) 。
2 . could 後接完成式常表示“ ( 過去 ) 可能……”，但也可用來表示責備語氣，意為 “過去 ) 本來能夠……， 而實際上卻未…… ”。如：
- We could have walked to the station ; it was so near .
- Yes . A taxi _____ at all necessary . ( NMET92 )
A . wasn't B . hadn't been C . wouldn't be D . won't be
該題雖是一道考查動詞時態的考題，但從“We could have walked to the station”可知，實際不是步行去火車站的。結合下句可知是坐了出租車去的，時間是過去，故正確答案是 A。
教案內容：
內容1：教學重點與難點
內容2：同步練習
【關於“Unit 19 A freedom fighter”的常見問題】
常見問題1: Unit 19 A freedom fighter
問題：
what Mary said, he about the result.
A. Judging by; must have known B. Judging from; mustn't have known
C. Judged by; mustn't know D. Judged from; can't know
解答:
分析 答案A。Judge一詞放在句首作狀語時，可以不考慮它與主句主語的主動或被動關係，一律可用Judging from(by)，而此句主句是對過去持續到現在情況的推測，故選A。
常見問題2: Unit 19 A freedom fighter
問題：
Tom's uncle died, him a lot of money, he was able to go on with his schooling.
A. left; by which B. leaving; with which
C. to leave; for which D. leaving to; on which
解答:
分析 答案B。此句含有一個結果狀語從句，“leaving”常 引導表示結果的狀語從句，此外還有making, only to等均可引導這樣的結果狀語從句。而money常跟with搭配。
常見問題3: Unit 19 A freedom fighter
問題：
The workers on strike demanded that they an immediate answer.
A. give B. to be given C. be given D. will be given
解答:
分析 答案C。demand引導的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，其句型為demand that sb. should do sth. , should可省略。
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