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初中英語語法總結(精選6篇)

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初中英語語法總結

一、什麼是總結

總結,漢語詞語,讀音為zǒng jié,意思是總地歸結。

二、初中英語語法總結(精選6篇)

總結就是把一個時間段取得的成績、存在的問題及得到的經驗和教訓進行一次全面系統的總結的書面材料,它可以明確下一步的工作方向,少走彎路,少犯錯誤,提高工作效益,是時候寫一份總結了。那麼你知道總結如何寫嗎?下面是小編精心整理的初中英語語法總結(精選6篇),僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。

初中英語語法總結1

構詞法

英語構詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉換法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or ②動詞+ing ③動詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, following, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副詞:①形容詞+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly

3、轉換法:

(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾), clean(乾淨的)→clean(打掃,弄乾淨),等等。

(2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。

(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等等。

(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……裏)→(在裏面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續)

名詞:

1、英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類:

1、專有名詞是個別的人、地、物、團體、機構等的專用名稱。

專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長城)

姓氏名如果採用複數形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(複數含義),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名詞又分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。

2、英語可數名詞的單複數:英語可數名詞有單數和複數兩種形式。

1hero→heroes, photo→photos, piano→pianos.

不可數名詞一般沒有複數形式,説明其數量時,要用有關計量名詞。一盒牛奶:

3、名詞所有格:

1、 名詞所有格如:Childern’s Day(兒童節), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)

(2)以s或es結尾的複數名詞。只在詞尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教師節)

(3)有些表示時間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的報紙), ten minutes’ break(十分鐘的課間休息),

(4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關係。如:

2、[註解]:

① ‘s還可以表示某人的家或者某個店鋪,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(診所)

② 兩人共有某物時,可以採用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和麗麗合住的卧室)

③ “of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單複數的一致問題:

1、謂語和謂語基本保持單複數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯裏的水很冷)

2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,

① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用複數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國地圖)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用複數。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子裏有隻綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子裏有一些綿羊)

4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是複數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用複數形式,故謂語用複數。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)

6、a lot of 後跟名詞複數時謂語用複數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)

7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用複數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的單複數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間裏有一張桌子和四張椅子)

9、用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用複數。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)

10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單複數由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶着一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語採用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right.(要麼是你對,要麼是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那裏)

12、表示一段時間或長度概念的複數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離)

13、主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單複數由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句)

但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用複數)

5、部分名詞用法辨析:

1、sport、game、match、race 的區別:sport通常指“户外運動”,以鍛鍊為主,概念較大;game意思是“運動、比賽”,不管户內户外還是腦力體力,指以勝負為主的運動;match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運動) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯賽).(我們學校足球隊取得了聯賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了划艇比賽)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的區別:festival“節日”,指喜慶的日子或持續一段時間的文娛活動;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風俗習慣,複數可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation“假期”,指學習或工作中一段長時間的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節將在下個月舉行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個假日,多數人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什麼事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的區別:journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡迴旅行,強調遊覽多處,常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數名詞,指旅行這一行為。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(聖地亞哥) during your travels?(旅行期間你去聖地亞哥了嗎?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林裏邊穿行是很危險的)

4、sound、noise、voice的區別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因為感冒的緣故,這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)

5、fish的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單複數相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish指“魚肉”時是不可數名詞。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子裏有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)

代詞:

1、代詞的分類:英語中代詞分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關係代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。

2、人稱代詞:人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。

初中英語語法總結2

一、一般時態

1、一般現在時

(1)一般現在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態或現階段反覆發生的動作或狀態,常和副詞usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等連用。例如:

1)The moon moves round the earth..

2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.

(2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引導的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.

(3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現在時表示按規定、計劃或安排要發生的'動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如:

1)The plane leaves at three sharp.

2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.

(4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引導的從句中,也常用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:

1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.

2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.

2.一般過去時

(1)表示過去某一特定時間所發生的、可完成的動作或狀態,常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。例如:

We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.

(2)表示過去習慣性動作。例如:

1)He always went to class last.

2)I used to do my homework in the library.

(注意與be used to doing短語的區別)

3.一般將來時

1)表示將來打算進行或期待發生的動作或狀態。例如:

I shall graduate next year.

2)幾種替代形式:

1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準備做或將發生的事情。例如:

I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有“必要”的強制性意義。例如:

I am to play tennis this afternoon.

3)be about to +v表示即將發生的事情。例如:

He was about to start.

4)be due to +v表示預先確定了的事,必定發生的事。例如:

The train is due to depart in ten minutes.

5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing強調即將發生的某種事態。例如:

The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home

二、進行時態

1.現在進行時

(1)表示現在正在進行的動作,常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。例如:

Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.

(2)表示現階段經常發生的動作,常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如:

My father is forever criticizing me.

(3)表示根據計劃或安排在最近要進行的事情。具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限於過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態或位置轉移到另一個狀態或位置上去的動詞。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如:

They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.

(4)有些動詞不能用進行時,這是一類表示“感覺,感情,存在,從屬”等的動詞。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感覺的詞);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的動詞);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在狀態的動詞);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示佔有與從屬的動詞);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的動詞)。但是如果它們詞義改變,便也可用進行時態。例如:

1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him?

(look在此為聯繫動詞,意為“顯得,看上去”)

2)Tom is looking for his books.

(look在此為實義動詞,意為“尋找”)

2.過去進行時

過去進行時表示一個過去的動作發生時或發生後,另一個過去的動作正在進行,或表示過去反覆的習慣,常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如:

1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.

2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.

3.將來進行時

將來進行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時刻開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如:

1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.

2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?

4.完成進行時

(現在、過去、將來)完成進行時是(現在、過去、將來)完成時的強調形式,將放在完成時態部分講述。

三、完成時態

完成時態通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為:

1.現在完成時

(1)現在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的,剛剛完成的動作(常與yet,already,just連用),或者過去某一時刻發生的,持續到現在的情況(常與for,since連用)。例如:

1)I have just finished my homework.

2)Mary has been ill for three days.

(2)常與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有:since, for, during, over等引導出的短語;副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如:

1)I haven’t been there for five years.

2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation.

3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.

(3)完成時態可用在下列結構中:

This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定語從句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容詞最高級+ n +定語從句。如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時,從句的謂語動詞通常用現在完成時;如果主句謂語動詞是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞通常用過去完成時。例如:

(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.

(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

2.過去完成時

(1)表示過去某時間前已經發生的動作或情況,這個過去的時間可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示;或者表示一個動作在另一個過去動作之前已經完成。例如:

1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.

2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.

(2)動詞expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現。例如:

I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.

另外兩種表示“過去想做而未做的事”的表達方式是:

1)was / were + to have done sth,例如:

We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.

2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如:

I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

(3)過去完成時常用於以下固定句型:

1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 過去完成時+ when + 過去時。例如:

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.

2)no sooner +過去完成時+ than +過去時。例如:

No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.

3)by (the end of ) +過去時間,主句中謂語動詞用過去完成時。例如:

The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

3.將來完成時

將來完成時表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發生之前已經完成的動作;也可以用來表示一種猜測。常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示將來時間的短語和句子;before (the end of ) +表示將來時間的詞語或句子;when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。例如:

1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.

2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock.

3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.

4.完成進行時

完成進行時是完成時的強調形式,有現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時。

(1)現在完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it.

(2)過去完成進行時表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態一直延續到過去某一時刻。例如:

It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.

(3)將來完成進行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態一直延續到將來某一時刻。例如:

By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.

四:時態一致

時態一致是英語四、六級考試的一個重要內容。通常應由主句謂語的時態決定從句的謂語時態。一般原則是:

1、當主句謂語使用現在時或將來時,從句的謂語根據具體情況使用任何時態

He says that he lives in Wuhan.

We hope that there will be many people at your party today.

“Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.”

“There’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

“There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

2、當主句謂語使用過去時的時候,從句的謂語必須使用過去範圍的時態

He said he was writing a novel.

The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

He said his father had been an engineer.

3、當從句是表示沒有時間概念的真理時,從句的謂語應使用一般現在時。例如:

The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

注:在此種情況下,即使主句謂語用了過去式的各種時態,從句謂語也應用一般現在時。

4、從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣的情況

利用時態一致原則確定從句動詞時態時,還應注意,若主語動詞是表示命令、請求、要求、建議、勸告等的動詞,從句謂語只能用虛擬語氣,不能遵循時態一致原則。例如:

We insisted that we do it ourselves.

五、動詞的語態

語態也是動詞的一種形式,英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,而被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。

1)We use electricity to run machines. (主動語態)

2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被動語態)

1.不能用於被動語態的動詞和短語

(1)在英語中,不及物動詞不能用於被動語態,但有些不及物動詞(包括短語)容易引起誤用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

(2)某些表示狀態或特徵的及物動詞,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動語態。

2.被動語態的時態形式

常用的被動語態有表1所列的幾種時態形式。

SPAN> 一般時 進行時 完成時

現在 am asked am being asked

is asked is being asked

are asked are being asked

過去

was be asked was being asked

were be asked were being asked

將來 shall be asked shall have been asked

will be asked will have been asked

過去 should be asked should have been asked

將來 would be asked would have been asked

3.短語動詞的被動語態

短語動詞轉換為被動語態時,通常被看作是一個動詞,後面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。例如:

1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.

2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.

4.“get + -ed分詞”的被動語態

“get + -ed分詞”結構強調動作的結果,而非動作本身,常用來表示突發性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:

The boy got hurt on his way home from work.

另外,“get + -ed分詞”還可用於談論為自己做的事,是主動的行為而不是被動的行為。例如:

get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(離婚)

get engaged(訂婚) get confused(迷惑不解)

get lost(迷路) get washed(洗臉)

get married(結婚)

5.能帶兩個賓語和複合賓語的動詞改為被動語態

(1)能帶兩個賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,一次只能由一個賓語作主語,另一個賓語被保留下來。例如:

1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主動語態)

2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被動語態)

3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被動語態)

(2)能帶複合賓語的動詞改為被動語態時,原來的賓語補足語變為主語補足語。例如:

1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主動語態)

2)He was appointed League secretary.(被動語態)

6.被動語態與系表結構的區別

(1)The novel was well written.(系表結構)

(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被動語態)

7.少數動詞的主動語態有時有被動的意思

例1:The book is selling remarkably well.

例2:The song sounds very beautiful.

能這樣用的動詞還有read(讀起來),clean(擦起來),wash(洗起來),write(寫起來)。

例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).

能像need這樣用的動詞還有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。

例4:The meat is cooking.

例5:The book written by the professor is printing.

初中英語語法總結3

實義動詞與非實義動詞

根據其含義和句子功用,動詞可分為實義動詞和非實義動詞(包括時態助動詞和情態助動詞等)。如:

He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實義動詞)

He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時態助動詞,read為實意動詞)

He should read the story book. 他應該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態助動詞,red為實義動詞)

上面對實義動詞與非實義動詞知識的內容講解學習,相信同學們已經能很好的掌握了吧,希望同學們考試成功。

初中英語語法總結4

構詞法

英語構詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉換法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:

(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or ②動詞+ing ③動詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副詞:①形容詞+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3、轉換法:

(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾), clean(乾淨的)→clean(打掃,弄乾淨),等等。

(2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。

(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等等。

(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……裏)→(在裏面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續),等等。

初中英語語法總結5

【一般過去時用法的】一般過去時表示在過去確定的時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態或者是在過去一段時間內經常性或習慣性的動作。

1)在確定的過去時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態。

時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now?

2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

3)句型:

It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"

It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了"

It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。

It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示寧願某人做某事

Id rather you came tomorrow.

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。

I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較:

一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。

Christine was an invalid all her life.

(含義:她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.

(含義:她現在還活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.

(含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.

( 含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。

1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

2)情態動詞 could, would.

Could you lend me your bike?

一般過去式與一般現在時所表示的很相像,但一個表示過去,一個表示的是現在所發生的。

初中英語語法總結6

【need】didnt need to do的意思是過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。而neednt have done則表示過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。

初中英語語法大全:need "不必做"和"本不該做"

didnt need to do表示: 過去不必做某事, 事實上也沒做。.

neednt have done表示: 過去不必做某事, 但事實上做了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了。

John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,沒有遇上John的車。)

典型例題

There was plenty of time. She ___.

A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried

答案D。neednt have done. 意為 "本不必",即已經做了某事,而時實際上不必要。

Mustnt have done 用法不正確,對過去發生的事情進行否定性推斷應為couldnt have done, "不可能已經"。 must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。