主語教案
第一章 主語
一、教學目標
通過本章學習，使學生瞭解什麼是主語，什麼可以作主語，從而減少學生在語言使用中，尤其是書面表達（短文、中譯英）中的錯誤。
二、教學重點和難點
動名詞、不定式和主語從句作主語及要注意的事項。
三、教學方法
Teacher
1．
A．You are wanted on the phone.
B．John has three sisters. Mary is the cleverest of the three.
C．---- What makes you so upset?
----Losing the wallet.
D．It's no use crying over spilt milk.
E．To see is to believe.
F．It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship.
G．Whether he comes or not doesn't matter．
H．It is well known that the moon has no light of its own.
I．It is not known where the meeting was held.
2．動名詞與不定式都可在句子中作主語。動名詞作主語時一般來説指的是一個概念或一個既成事實。如上邊的例句C，問及什麼令你感到不快時，回答説是Losing my wallet。完整的句子應當是：Losing my wallet makes me so upset．再如：Teaching English is my job. Teaching English 是一個概念名詞，而不是一個動作。
3．當一個不定式短語作主語時，我們常用It作形式主語，而把真正的主語--動詞不定式放到句子後邊。這樣的句型還用在It's…for sb. to do…It's…of sb. to do…中。如果It's後邊的形容詞與人的天資、秉性有關時，必須用It's…of sb. to do…；這類形容詞包括 good, bad, clever, stupid, wise, foolish, cruel, mean 等。
如果It's後邊的形容詞與人的天資、秉性無關時，則要用It's… for sb. to do…。
4．It is well-known to all that + clause It is known that + clause
It is said that＋clause
It is believed that＋clause
It is reported that＋clause
以上五個句型中It是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。在這樣的主語從句中that不能省略，就其本質講，用That…is well-known；That…is said也是可以的。但是經過長期使用，上述五個句型已經被固定下來。分別被用來表示眾所周知、據説、據報道、據傳等。
5．In the following, we must use gerunds. They are:
It's no use doing…
It's no good doing…
It's useless doing…
A．與他保持密切聯繫沒有用處。
B．與他爭執沒有用處。
6．In familiar speech, the subject is sometimes left out when it is a pronoun. We call it omission of the subject.
A．I thank you.
B．I never heard of it.
C．It looks like it.
D．It sounds like common sense to me.
E．It serves him right.
Students
1．What can be a subject? From the sentences（on the left）we can see that, pronoun, noun, gerund or gerund phrase, infinitive, infinitive clause, can be a subject.
The grammatical subject of a sentence is often a noun or a pronoun. The infinitive, the gerund and the subject clause are often found in the subject-relation, but they are generally represented by the“preparatory it”, and the real subject is put at the end of the sentence.
2．We know that the gerund and the infinitive can be the subject in a sentence. What's the difference between them?
若説動名詞作主語指一個概念或一個事實的話，那麼不定式作主語應當指一個具體的動作。因為不定式本身就表示一個具體動作，可能發生或可能還沒發生。
A．Losing my wallet makes me upset.
主語 Losing my wallet 是件事而不是動作。
B．To do that sort of thing is necessary.
主語To do that sort of thing 是要去做的事，或要做的動作。
3．As is pointed above, when an infinitive phrase is used as the subject, we often use“It”to represent the infinitive phrase and put the real subject at the end of the sentence. Sentence F if just an example. What else should we know about it?
A．It's mean of you to eat all the peaches.
B．It's clever of you to work out the maths problem.
C．It's wrong of you to tell lies.
D．It's important for us to learn English well.
E．It's necessary for Li Ming to attend the lecture given by Professor Liu.
4．A．眾所周知歐式足球風靡全世界80餘個國家。
It's well-known that European football is played in over 80 countries.
B．據説羅伯特在國外留過學，但我不知道他在哪個國家學習過。
It's said that Robert once studied abroad; but I don't know what country he studied in.
C．據説是中國人最早發明指南針的。
It's believed that Chinese first invented the compass.
D．中國正在日益富強起來是個事實。
It is a fact that China is getting richer and stronger.
5．We can put both sentences into English, using the three patterns.
A．It's no use keeping in close touch with him.
It's no good keeping in close touch with him.
It's useless keeping in close touch with him.
B．It's no use arguing with him.
It's no good arguing with him.
It's useless arguing with him.
6．In spoken English we often hear sentences like this:
A．Thank you.
B．Never heard of it.
C．Looks like it.
D．Sounds like common sense to me.
E．Serves him right.
How can we an alyse these sentences?
四、精選題
1．We wrote a letter of thanks to ______ had helped us. [ ]
A．who
B．those
C．whom
D．whoever
2．Tom's mother kept telling him that he mustn't smoke，but _____ didn't help. [ ]
A．he B．which
C．it D．they
3．____ you don't like him is none of my business. [ ]
A．What B．If
C．That D．Whether
4．Just after finishing writing the composition, _____. [ ]
A．the doorbell rang loud
B．Nancy heard the doorbell rang
C．someone knocked at the door
D．the doorbell was rung
5．----The exam was easy, wasn't it? [ ]
----Yes, but I don't think _____ could pass it.
A．somebody
B．anybody
C．nobody
D．everybody
6．They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy. [ ]
A．There B．It
C．That D．They
7．I'm sure the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in China, _______? [ ]
A．won't it B．won't they
C．shall we D．aren't I
8．While watching TV, _______. [ ]
A．the boy came in
B．my mother was cooking
C．I heard a terrible noise
D．the doorbell rang
9．He's late,_____ is often the case. [ ]
A．as B．what
C．it D．this
10．It was the training that he has as a young man _____ led to his success. [ ]
A．that B．it
C．which D．who
11．______ about the history of that part because there is not enough written information. [ ]
A．People know nothing
B．Much is known
C．People know a lot
D．Little is known
答案：1～5 DCCBD 6～11 BBCAAA
文萃咖
