Unit 2 What is happiness to you?
Part One Teaching Design
第一部分 教學設計
Aims and requirements
Read an interview and two essays about happiness
Listen to friend talk about problems and solutions
Talk about the gymnast Sang Lan
Write an article for a website offering advice
Procedures
● Welcome to the Unit
Step 1: Brainstorming
A flash appreciation
Boys and girls, good morning (good afternoon). Are you in a good mood today? Let’s enjoy a flash together. What kind of sports can you see in the picture? How do you find the flash?
(In the flash, we can see people of different ages take weightlifting exercise and some funny or interesting mistakes or accidents happen during the course of exercise. They make us burst into laughter)
Picture-talking
What are people doing in each picture? How do they feel? (excited, happy, thrilled) What is the definition of happiness? What are the things that make one happy?
Different people have different understanding of happiness. To some people, it means an easy life, a good job, money; to some, it may be helping others, contributions to one’s country......
How do you understand happiness? What are your hobbies? And what do you do when you feel unhappy?
Step 2: Sharing information
Open your books to Page 17. Let’s share information about each picture on this page with each other.
1. Study the six pictures
Picture 1 Being creative
Do you like drawing? When and how did you begin to develop this interest?
What does this hobby bring to you? (Whenever I feel upset and want to escape from everything, I like to go into my bedroom and take up my paints and brushes. It's so wonderful--all my thoughts and ideas can be expressed in my pictures.)
What other things mean 'being creative' to you? (Thinking of different solutions to solve problems, expressing myself in my own ways and making new things.)
Picture 2 Doing exciting things
What are exciting things to you? (like white-water surfing or bungee jumping.) Why do people like exciting things? They bring lots of fun and help people forget all the troubles and worries.
Picture 3 Reading
Do you like reading? Does reading make one happy? Why? It is really enjoyable when reading especially in a peaceful and quiet environment. Sometimes we are so absorbed by the characters in the book and their stories that we forget all about the outside world. Through reading, we gain knowledge and our horizons are broadened.
Picture 4 Playing sport
Which are your favorable sports? It's a really good way to make friends, keep fit and relax.
Picture 5 Spending time with family
Do you enjoy spending time with your family? When you feel happy or unhappy, do you talk to them about your problems and achievements? Family is important to everyone. It's a perfect time to talk to your family about your problems. They can give you good advice and make you confident. They are also happy for the achievements you made.
Picture 6 Learning new things
Have you ever been to a natural history museum? Why do people like museum? In a museum, we can find out more information than we can just through reading books. Visiting these kinds of places can give us a real insight into history.
What other ways do you think may help you learn more new things? (Surfing the Internet and talking to different people.)
2. Talk about each picture and exchange opinions with your partner.
Which things do you often do and like to do? Why do you feel happy when doing these?
Step 3: Discussion
Work in groups of 4 to discuss the three questions and then report the answers to the whole class.
1. What are things that make everyone happy?
There are some things in life that make us feel happy. For example, as a small child, something as simple as getting some sweets is enough to make him or her into a happy child. As a student, passing an exam can make him or her feel on top of the world. For an adult, getting a great new job or traveling to different parts of the world are some of the happiest times.
2. What are the things which make you happy?
Eating a hearty meal, getting some new clothes, having enough money for something I really want, reading a great book, watching a really good film, making a new friend or making up with my friends after an argument.
3. If you had a friend who was unhappy, how would you try to help him or her?
In this case, I will try to be a good listener and understand what has made him or her so upset. Offer some advice if necessary. Invite him to go outside for a walk or go shopping together to cheer him up
Step 4: Homework
Read the two articles on P112-113.
Prepare the reading part.
●Reading The search for happiness
Step 1: Lead-in
Let’s enjoy a video. It can make us feel very happy and in good mood. And we can see most ordinary healthy people around us live a happy, meaningful and colourful life. We work and live with smiles every day. But how do you know disabled people stay happy in their life? Today we are going to talk about a special girl named Sang Lan, who used to be a successful gymnast. What do you know about this girl?
1. Different people find happiness and fun in different things. There are certainly no criteria assessing which way of being happy is the best. Do you think Sang Lan had had a happy life before she was injured?
Do you think Sang Lan has a happy life now?
What would you do if you had the same problem?
2. Suppose you had a chance to talk face to face with Sang Lan, what would you like most to ask her about?
The following are suggested answers:
--- childhood and school education
--- things or experiences that had left her the deepest impression before the accident
--- reasons for learning gymnastics
--- things that encourage her during hard times
--- current physical condition
--- expectations for future
--- future career plans
--- attitudes towards life, success and failure
Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas
The reading text is an interview from a TV programme about happiness. Dr Brain, a psychologist who studies happiness, is interviewed in a television talk show and tells a story about a brave girl called Sang Lan.
Go through the passage quickly to find answers to the three questions in Part A.
Answers
1. Happiness
2. Dr Brain.
3. In Ningbo, China in 1981.
Step 3: Careful-reading for detailed information
1. Read the passage again and complete Part C1. Questions in Part C1 are to check your reading comprehension by making correct judgments of the statements.
2. Listen to the tape and complete C2. Questions in Part C2 are for students to note some specific information according to the time sequence.
Answers
C1 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F
C2 2 b 3 f 4 e 5 a 6 d
3. Ask students to describe Sang Lan's personality.
1. More relevant information in the interview which shows Sang Lan’s personality
Before going to hospital
being successful in her sport when she was young
being described as energetic, happy and hard-working
working towards something special
trying to make her parents proud
While staying in hospital
being in good spirits
thinking about what she could do to get better
being proud of the things she had accomplished
feeling happy to be alive, and lucky to have the rest of her life to learn new things
After leaving hospital
studying journalism at Beijing University
hosting a sports show about the 2008 Beijing Olympics
looking forward to playing table tennis in the special Olympics for disabled people in 2008
thinking about positive things and staying optimistic
believing that keeping busy helps her stay positive
Step 4: Practice
1. Complete Part D
Find these words and expressions in the interview. Guess their meanings from the context. Then match them with the correct definitions.
2. Complete Part E
Read this newspaper article about Sang Lan. Complete it with the words below.
3. Let’s read the Reading strategy on page 19. Do you know what an interview means? An interview is a formal meeting at which one person asks another person a series of questions on a topic. When reading or watching an interview, you should pay attention to the topic, the opinions related to the topic, the questions asked and the answers to the questions.
Step 5: Post-reading activities
1. Think about the following questions again.
What is happiness?
What is the real value of being alive?
Does being healthy and wealthy mean happiness?
Does being respected and well-liked mean happiness?
2. Have a debate. The topic is “Sang Lan was happier before the accident than she is now.”
3. Go over Part F in pairs and continue the dialogue after the example.
Step 6: Language Points
Vocabulary
Words injure, struggle, disability, psychologist, gymnast, tournament , dedicated, energetic, specialist, severe, injury, hopeless, overcome, accomplish, journalism, positive, admirable, rebuild, unbearable, disabled, optimistic
useful expressions in hospital, devote …to…, apart from, cheer up, in good spirits, rush sb. to, be proud of, stay positive
sentence patterns 1. In case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is?
2. While she was injured and in hospital, the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.
3. In 1998, a small accident during one of her practice vaults at the Goodwill Games could have cost her her future happiness.
Step 7: Homework
1. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 108 in Workbook.
2. Go over the reading passage.
●Word power
Step 1: Brainstorming
In this section we’ll learn the words and idioms used to describe emotions and feelings. Now I’d
like you to answer the following questions:
What words do you know can express happiness?
Apart from happiness, what other types of emotions do you know?
Can you think of some words that can express these kinds of feelings?
(love joy excitement hate fear jealousy delight surprise astonishment frustration depression contentment satisfaction concern worry fury curiosity )
Step 2: Vocabulary learning
1. Read the instructions on page 22 and study the examples listed in the table.
2. Write the adjective forms of other nouns related to emotion.
Reference
Nouns Adjectives
astonishment astonished
delight delighted
fury furious
curiosity curious
satisfaction satisfied
depression depressed
amazement amazed
disappointmemt disappointed
Step 3: Practice
1. Let’s focus on Part A. Circle the right word according to each different situation.
2. Do the exercise in Part B.
Step 4: Competition
How many emotional words do you know? Now I’ll divide you into several groups. You’ll have a competition to see which group has the most words. In the end you need to group emotional words into three different categories: happiness, sadness and anger.
Words describing happiness:
Noun forms: joy, happiness, delight
Adjective forms: joyful, happy, delighted
Words describing sadness:
Noun forms: sadness, depression
Adjective forms: sad, depressed
Words describing anger:
Noun forms: anger, fury
Adjective forms: angry, furious
Step 5: Vocabulary extension
1. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
① I'm not_____(satisfied, satisfaction) with what I've done. I can't get_____ (satisfied, satisfaction) from it. (satisfied; satisfaction)
② I was _____ (amazed, amazement) by the change in his appearance. All of us looked at him in_____ (amazed, amazement). (amazed; amazement)
③ The boy is _____ (curious, curiosity) about everything. His burning_____ (curious, curiosity) inspires him to learn more. (curious; curiosity)
2. Do part C. In the English language, there are some idioms about emotions. Guess their meanings.
3. Reading comprehension
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
1. Open education allows the students to ___________ .
A. grow as the educated B．be responsible for their future
C. develop their own interests D．discover subjects outside class
2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who__________.
A．enjoy learning B．worry about grades
C．do well in a traditional classroom D．are responsible for what they do in life.
3. Some students will do little in an open classroom because_________ .
A．there are too few rules B．they hate activities
C．open education is similar to the traditional education D．they worry about the rules
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Some traditional teachers do not like it.
B．Many teachers do not believe in open education.
C．Teachers may have problems in open classrooms.
D．The teacher’s feelings and attitudes are important to the students.
5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A．Open education is a really complex idea.
B．Open education is better than traditional education.
C．Teachers dislike open education.
D．The writer thinks that open education is a good idea in practice.
Answers 1-5 CBADA
Step 6: Homework
1. Part C on page 114 in the Workbook.
2. Prepare Grammar and usage.
● Grammar and usage
Step 1: General introduction and explanation to past and future tense
Past tense
I. The simple past tense:
It is often used to talk about something that happened in the past and is now finished.
e.g. She worked late into night yesterday.
II. The past continuous tense:
The tense is to talk about something that happened in the past and continued for some time.
e.g. She knew that as a famous dancer she was making her parents proud in those years.
III. The past perfect tense:
1. The past perfect tense is often used with the simple past tense. If one action happens before another in the past, the past perfect tense is used.
e.g. Upon entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird , which had led him to the place, was eaten by a snake.
2. The past perfect tense is sometimes used in reported speech
e.g. “We emptied the tomb of everything it contained,” said Carter.
Carter said that they had emptied the tomb of everything it contained.
3. The use of the past perfect tense simply indicates that an action comes before another past action, used with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, by, for and already
e.g. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
Future tense
I. The form and usage of the simple future tense：
1. will/shall do:表示將來發生的動作或出現的狀態,shall僅與第一人稱連用
2. be going to do:表示主語計劃打算的行動或看來就要發生的事情
3. be doing:表示計劃或安排好的動作（go, come, leave, begin 等動詞）
4. be to do:表示客觀上計劃或安排好的動作
5. be about to do:表示即將發生的動作,一般不帶時間副詞或短語
6. do:表示與安排，計劃或時刻表有關的動作；或用於if, when等狀語從句中代替will do.
II. The usage of the future continuous tense:
1. Talk about something that will be in progress at a certain time or over a period of time in the future. (討論將來某個時間點或時間段正在進行的動作)
e.g. Toby will not be in London next Tuesday. He will be climbing in the Himalayas.
Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week.
3. Express future without intention. When it is used in this way, we want to indicate that something will happen naturally. It doesn’t imply that the speaker has arranged the action.
（表示不包含説話者主觀意願的純粹將來。使用這種方式，我們想表達某件事會很自然地發生，説話者並不參與安排或計劃。）比較下列各句：
e.g. Tom won’t cut the grass.（Tom refuses to cut the grass.）Tom won’t be cutting the grass.
（The sentence is only a statement of fact, giving no information about Tom’s intention. Perhaps Tom is away, or ill, or will be doing some other job.）
3. Make polite enquiries about other people’s future plans. (委婉地詢問對方的未來計劃，比用will do聽起來更有禮貌。)
e.g. What will you be doing tomorrow?
Will you be working all day?
III. The usage of the future in the past is to talk about an event which was in the future at the time when it was discussed.
Step 2: Practice(語法練習)：
I. 用所給動詞的適當的過去時或將來時的形式填充。
1. Let's keep to the point or we ______ never_______ (reach) any decisions.
2. My mind wasn't on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I______ (miss) half of it.
3. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ just ______ (start) into space.
4. I ____ (ask) you not to move my dictionary--now I can't find it.
5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ______ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
6. --George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______ ______ ______(invite). Did they have a big wedding?
7. Shirley _____ (write) a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ ______(see) each other a couple of times before that.
9. His wife _____ ______ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.
10. I _____ ______ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.
11. I found the sentence _____ ______ (not read) smoothly.
12. What he had said at the meeting _____ (prove) true.
13. ---Did you see Tom at the party?
--- No. He _____ _____ (leave) by the time I arrived.
14. --- How time flies! It’s already 10 o’clock.
--- Oh, I _____ _____ (not realize) it at all.
15. --- I’m sorry that I shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
--- You did_____ (lose) your temper but that’s OK.
II.用所給動詞的適當的過去時或將來時的形式確翻譯下列各句 ：
1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _____ _____(一直抓着) him but failed.
2. --What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and ____ _____(正準備開始)to take a shower.
3. --You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh, I_____ _____(在等候)for a friend from England at the airport.
4. --- Why haven’t you asked her to come here?
--- She ________(正在做工) an important experiment when I found her and she hasn’t finished it.
5. --- What were you up to when she dropped in?
--- I_____ _____(剛玩了一會兒)for a while and _____ _____ _____ _____(正打算看書) some reading.
on the television or open a magazine and you ______often_____(會看到) advertisement showing happy families.
7. --- What place is it?
--- Haven’t you seen that we are back where we _____(回到了原地)?
8. --- Tomorrow is my birthday. I’d like you and Jane to come.
--- I’m not sure if she _____ _____ (將)free.
9. The crazy fans ______ _____ ______(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
10. You_______ _______(要求你ask) not to move the desk--now it is broken.
Keys
I. 1. will never reach 2. missed 3. was; staring 4. asked 5. began
6. hadn't been invited 7. wrote 8. had seen 9. had hoped 10. was caught
11. didn’t read 12. proved 13. had left 14. didn’t realize 15. lose
II. 1. was holding 2. was starting 3. was waiting 4. was doing 5. had played; was going to do 6. will; see 7. were 8. will be 9. had been waiting 10. was asked
●Task Writing a website article to give advice
Skills building 1: identifying negative emotional language
In this part, we’ll learn what words, phrases or structures are used to express negative emotions. These words will help discuss the problems.
1. Read the guidelines to know what negative emotions are.
Example words: hopeless, unhappy, disappointed, sad, regretful and lonely.
2. Make some sentences using the structures given on page 26.
I felt like crying when I knew I would never see my grandma again.
Failing my Maths test again made me feel rather depressed. I want to have a talk with my Maths teacher.
He left school under a black cloud after causing a serious accident.
Since her husband got ill, she seemed very down in the dumps.
Step 1: identifying problems
This part is designed to help develop your reading and listening skills. First read a letter and find the problem described in it according to what you have learnt in Skills building 1. Then complete the notes after listening to a student talk about his problems and suggest some good solutions.
1. Read the letter in Part A on page 26 and underline the negative language used to describe the problem in the letter.
Answers:
① I don’t know what to do.
② I’ve been very sad
③ I feel caught between
④ They make me feel like I’m a bad son
⑤ I feel guilty
⑥ I’m so confused.
⑦ I’m really tired of feeling worried
⑧ I wish I knew
2. Go over Part B on page 27 to find out what you should do next. Then listen to the recording and finish the notes in this part. Check answers with the class.
Tapescript
Ma Jie : When I’m at school, I’m often very tired. I have to stay up very late at night to finish my homework because I spend all afternoon with my basketball coach. I know that I’m not doing my best at school. That makes me feel sad because I like to try my hardest at everything. When I play basketball, I sometimes make mistakes, and don’t play well because I’m thinking about my studies, and I feel worried that I’m falling behind.
I want to be good at my studies and be good at basketball---I want to do both things well. I feel confused and sad because I don’t know how to do both. Lots of people play a sport and do well at school. I want to learn to balance both of these activities. My coach says that I have a special ability, and that it would be wrong not to use it. He says that very few people can play basketball as well as I can---I should be willing to give up other things in my life so that I can focus on playing. But my parents tell me that sport cannot take the place of a good education. They say that I could get injured; also, you can’t be 100% sure that you will be able to play basketball like Yao Ming in the future. They believe that it is more important to study hard and prepare for a job in the business world.
I agree with both of them. I’m lucky to be so good at basketball. It would be silly not to try and become the best I can be, but I also think a good education is one of the most important things there is. I know that even if I become very good at basketball, there might be a day when I’m too old or injured, and I will need a good education to help me find a good job.
Answers
B
1. sad 2. make mistakes 3. play well 4. studies
5. falling behind 6. studies 7. basketball 8. talent
9. willing 10. focus 11. education 12. injured
13. Yao Ming 14. important 15. business world 16. agree
3. Go over Part C, then listen to the recording and complete this part.
Tapescript
Ma Jie: The first thing I tried was just working harder at evening. I thought that maybe I could just try harder, and then I could do well at school and get better at basketball at the same time. But that idea didn’t work because both things take a lot of time, and there are just not enough hours in one day to do my very best at both things.
Then I thought I could focus on school, and just play basketball at the weekend. But my coach is right when he says that two days a week is not enough training if I want to become very good.
For a few weeks I studied less. I thought that maybe I could still get average marks, even if I did not spend much time studying. That was a huge mistake, because I failed two exams and my parents were very disappointed.
I’ve thought about quitting basketball too. Lots of people don’t play a sport and they are happy, right? But not me. If I don’t play basketball, I’m not happy. What do you think I should do?
Answers
C
1. Both things take a lot of time.
2. Two days a week is not enough training.
3. I failed two exams and my parents were very disappointed.
4. If I don’t play, I’m not happy
Skills building 2: breaking a big question into smaller ones
In this part, we will learn how to break a big question into smaller ones.
1 I’ll write a question on the blackboard. Do you know how to answer it?
How can I improve my grades?
It is difficult for us to simply answer the question with one or two sentences because it is too big.
2 Go over the guidelines in this part. Then read the big question and smaller questions given in this part as an example.
3. Work into groups of four to divide the question on the blackboard into a few smaller questions.
Sample questions:
What subjects do you find hard and need to improve on?
What is your problem in these subjects?
Is that because you have not spent enough time on them?
What have you done to improve on these subjects? Did you use good study methods in these subjects?
What are your short-term and long-term goals in these subjects? Have you set proper goals?
I want all of you participate in the discussion. All possible answers are welcome.
Step 2: discussing solutions
This part is designed to help use what you’ve learnt in Skills building 2 to practise asking questions and discussing solutions.
1. Work in pairs to discuss Ma Jie's problems. Try to divide the big question 'What do you think of Ma Jie's problem?' into smaller ones.
Sample conversation
--- You know Ma Jie is my good friend. Recently he has been worried a lot. I want to help him solve his problem. What do you think I should do?
---OK. Let's see what we can do to help him, but first let's make things less complicated
We'd better divide the big question into some smaller ones. Tell me what his problem is.
2. Write down the smaller questions in speech bubble
3. Work in pairs to make up a dialogue with the help of speech bubble 2 and speech bubble 3. Then two or three pairs are required to present your dialogues to the whole class.
Skills building 3: giving advice
In this part, you will read some guidelines of how to make advice clearer and more helpful to people who need it.
Read the three points and put on the blackboard the following table to help the students understand the guidelines.
Guidelines What to do Why
1 avoid judging Use positive, helpful language
do not say, 'It's wrong for you to .. People want help but not judgement of their previous behaviour.
2 give examples Mention a similar situation where your advice works. People will know how to use your advice.
Step 3: writing an article
In this part, you’ll write an article about how Ma Jie solved his problem with the help of his parents, teachers and coach.
1 Read the guidelines in this part to find out what to do.
Ma Jie's problems
the possible solutions Ma Jie has thought of and the reasons why they didn't work
the advice you gave to Ma Jie
the advice his parents, teachers and coach gave him and why it works
your opinion about the best way to solve problems that students have
2. Work in groups of four to write the article. Each member of the group writes one part. After each of you has finished your part, your group should put the four parts together to form the article and present it to the whole class.
3. Homework: write a passage according the guidelines in Part B on page 115 in workbook.
●Project Making a happiness handbook
Part A
1. At the beginning of this class, let’s appreciate two poems. After reading, try to say something about them.
What is happiness
(1) Thursday, 14. September 2006, 09:55:30 by Moonriver
Happiness
Is the moment
When I happen to kiss the forehead of angel cloud so gracious
Said the wind
Happiness
Is the instant
When I drench a thirsty heart by coincidence
Said the rain
Happiness
Lies in the second
When rainbow paints me with colorful clothes so generous
Said the sky
For me
Happiness falls
The moment you perch in my heart so zealous
And render it smile
(2) 2006-9-14 18:34:49 By troublemakerl:
Happiness is a cup of water when dying of thirsty.
Happiness is a loaf of bread when starving to death.
Happiness is a feel of hunger when find nothing tasty.
Happiness is a look of smile when taking the last breath.
Happiness is the sweet smile blooming on the child's face for a tiresome mother
Happiness is the oasis in the desert for an exhausted traveller
Happiness is the warm feeling dancing in the heart of lover
Happiness is an unchanged melody that never alter
Ok. From the two poems, we can find they are both about the theme HAPPINESS. We dare say different people have different ideas of happiness and the idea of what is happiness lies in people themselves.
Today we’ll read two essays on the theme of “the happiest days of your life” and then you will write an essay about your ideas of happiness and make your own happiness handbooks.
2. Come to Part A. Read the essay GOLDEN DAYS by yourselves and then try to answer some questions.
1) Is the writer old or young? How do you know that?
2) What time does the writer consider to be the happiest of his life?
3) Why does the writer think those days were happy?
4) What does the writer think young people can do while old people can’t?
3. Read the second essay and then judge whether the following statements are right or wrong.
1) The writer is a teenager because she will be an adult in the future.
2) She thinks her happiest days will be in the future with new technology and without war, pollution or hunger.
3) The writer thinks that teenagers can’t do things like adults because they have to work hard at school, doing or learning things.
4) The writer feels very nice each time she thinks of her happiest days ahead of her.
5) From the essay, we can conclude that the writer is a hardworking girl, because she is always motivated to work hard for her future life by herself.
4. Have a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of teenagers and old people.
Advantages of being young: active, full of energy, creative, strong, modern, easy to keep up with the times, easy and eager to learn new things
Disadvantages of being young: impatient, immature, inexperienced
Advantages of being old: experienced, mature, patient
Disadvantages of being old: lack of energy, stubborn, easy to be tired or to fall ill
5. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page 109 in workbook to practise using some words and phrases in this section.
Answers
B 1
1. encouragement 2. independent 3. assist
4. motivation 5. accomplishment
B2
1. look back upon 2. stay 3. ached 4. imagine
5. allowing 6. simplify 7. focus on 8. fix
Part B
You are asked to make a handbook about happiness of each group. Work in groups and follow the outline below to design a handbook.
Planning
Each group divide different tasks and decide who will check the English in the essays, who will illustrate the handbook, who will put all the essays together and make the cover of the handbook.
Preparing
Review what we’ve learned about happiness in this unit and then discuss the following questions on page 31.
Each one should come up with the idea of happiness of your own.
Producing
Make a draft, get the approval of the group and finalize the handbook.
Presenting
Present your group work to others and wait to be judged.
● self-assessment
This section aims to help you see the progress you have made, how much you have improved your skills, and also what else you can do to improve your study.
In Part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you have developed these skills. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, and the usage of vocabulary and grammar items as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals in this unit. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Step 2 on page 28, you will know whether you can break a big question into smaller ones so you can answer them easily. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. The color bar with 5 levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit. If you feel very confident about one item, you get yourselves a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level.
If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures.
Part Two Teaching Resources
第二部分 教學資源
Section 1 A text structure analysis of The search for happiness
I. Type of writing and summary of The search for happiness
Type of writing This is a talk show.
Main idea of the passage It tells about how to find happiness
Topic sentence of 1st and 2nd paragraph Greet the viewers. And an introduction to the topic-how happiness means to different people
Topic sentence of 3rd and 4th paragraphs A brief introduction to Sang Lan to show how she enjoys her life.
Topic sentence of 5th and 6th paragraphs More details about Sang Lan-her life, her personality and her accident.
Topic sentence of 7th and 8th paragraphs How she overcame all the difficulties and remains a cheerful and happy person.
Topic sentence of 9th-12th and paragraphs How she adapted to her new life.
Topic sentence of 13th paragraph Conclusion-how to search for happiness in our life.
Ⅱ. A tree diagram of the text
interview
Ⅲ. A retold version of the text
The search for happiness
Host: Dr Brain, welcome to our Talk Show. You are a very famous psychologist who has written several books about happiness and the things people do to keep themselves happy.
Dr Brain: Thank you for inviting me. Today, I will take Sang Lan, a former gymnast in China, for example to talk about how to find happiness.
Host: I see. You often use the example to show how people get happiness even in difficult time.
Dr Brain: Yes, as we all know, she used to be successful in sport but one day got badly injured. As a result, she had to stop her career and sit in armchair all the time. But the whole world can see her remain cheerful and happy.
Host: She must have suffered a lot from her severe injuries and must have been sad.
Dr Brain: Though it must have been difficult, yet she was encouraged not only by her parents and friends but also herself. She was always in high spirits after her accident. She took pride in her past and felt happy to be alive and lucky to learn new things.
Host: That must be why her story so special. And how has Sang Lan adapted herself to her new life?
Dr Brain: I think it is her strong will and perseverance that work. She says she likes thinking about meaningful things and keeping herself busy to stay optimistic and positive.
Host: How great she is! I hope all of our viewers can be inspired by her.
IV. Translation of reading and project.
Reading
尋求幸福
主持人： 我們今天來談論幸福這個話題。對某些人來説，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身邊。對另-些人來説，幸福意味着在某個方面取得成功，比如説實現一個目標。對那些受傷的人或者是身體有殘疾而行動不便的人來説，幸福可能僅僅意味着過-天沒有疼痛的日子，或者僅僅是活着而已。我們今天的嘉賓是布萊思博土。布萊思博土是一位心理學家，寫過好幾本有關幸福以及人們為保持幸福採取什麼手段的書。 布萊思博土，謝謝您參加我們今天的節目。
布萊思博士： 謝謝你的邀請。今天，我來談談如何尋找幸福。
主持人： 我知道，你經常拿體操運動員桑蘭為例子來告訴人們：即使遭遇逆境，也能找到幸福。
布萊思博士： 有些人為自己的人生感到幸福，甚至在大家以為是悲傷的時候也感到生活幸福。在這方面，桑蘭是-個很好的例子。在她出事故之前，我們都知道桑蘭是-個年輕快樂的姑娘，在體育方面有驕人成績。她受傷住院期間，世人都為她依然開朗的樣子感到驚訝。如今，她在實現較小目標的過程中、從周邊人對她的愛中找到了幸福。
主持人： 嗯，或許我們有些觀眾還不知道桑蘭的故事，您能跟我們簡單介紹-下桑蘭嗎?
布萊思博士： 當然可以。桑蘭1981年出生在中國的寧波市，六歲時就開始學習體操。11年來，直到角逐紐約友好運動會的體操錦標賽時，桑蘭-直是-個專心致志的體操小將。桑蘭最拿手的項目-向是跳馬。她自1991年就開始獲得獎牌，並且-直刻苦訓練。根據隊友的描述，她精力充沛、精神愉快、勤奮刻苦。參加訓練意味着她不能和父母住在一起，但儘管如此，她還是樂意奉獻於體操。在那些年裏，桑蘭知道，自己正朝-個特別的目標而奮鬥，她讓父母為她感到驕傲和自豪。然而，1998年在友好運動會上進行跳馬練習時的一個小事故原本可能把她未來的幸福化為泡影。桑蘭在她多年來都能完美表現的項目--跳馬--上犯了-個錯誤。她栽了下去，折了脖子。她被緊急送往紐約市的一家頂級醫院。世界各地的專家都説，由於傷勢嚴重，她將永遠無法行走了。
主持人： 這個事故對她來説想必無法承受，她肯定是非常傷心。
布萊思博土： 並非如此，這正是她的故事顯得特別的地方。見過她的每個人，從醫院的護士，到像前往醫院探訪、給她鼓勵的名人，如電影《泰坦尼克號》主演萊昂納多迪-卡普里奧等，都説她精神狀態良好。桑蘭懂得，對很多人來説，幸福的祕訣在於思考美好的事情，集中精力實現自己的目標。所以，桑蘭並沒有為失去的一切呼天搶地，並沒有感到絕望，她想到的就是，為了改善自己的狀態，自己能做些什麼。她住院 期間，隊友們繼續比賽。隊友們前往醫院看望她，跟她講述各自的成功時，她為隊友們感到喜悦。她的父母穿越國界，從中國飛到美國去照看她，見到父母時桑蘭感到很幸福。當醫生告訴她，她再也不能當體操運動員了時，桑蘭能夠克服失落感， 為她已經取得的成績感到驕傲和自豪。她為自己仍然活着感到幸福，為她自己還有餘生可以學習新東西感到慶幸。
主持人：這真讓人驚歎，布萊思博士。這個事件發生時她多大?
布萊思博土： 她當時只有17歲。
主持人： 那桑蘭是怎樣適應新生活的呢?
布萊思博土： 她適應得非常好。她之後回到了中國，在北京大學讀新聞專業。她目前還在主持一檔有關2008年北京奧運會的體育節日。她甚至希望能在2008年為殘疾人舉力、的特別奧運會上參加乒乓球比賽。她告訴人們，她願意考慮事物的積極面，始終保持樂觀的態度。她相信，忙碌有助幹保持積極的狀態。
主持人： 我希望我們所有的觀眾都從桑蘭的身上得到了啟發和鼓舞!我覺得她的勇氣令人欽佩。我知道，以後每當我感到生活難以承受時，都會想一想桑蘭是如何重建生活的。
Project
黃金歲月
回想在英格蘭鄉村上學的歲月是一件愉快的事。那時候，我身邊都是自己的朋友，家人時時給我鼓勵和指導。我整個的生活還都在前面等着我。在人生的那個階段，我本可以幹任何事、成為任何人。我覺得上學的那些黃金歲月是我一生中最幸福的時光。
我記得有時候能夠感覺到恨不得一下子就長大並且獨立的衝動，但我仍然非常開心。我生活中沒有任何煩惱。我可以整天都呆在外面，和自己的朋友在太陽底下玩耍，和朋友們沒完沒了地談有趣的事情。在家裏，我的父母管所有的大事。我要做的事就是上學，以及回家後再學習幾個小時。到了週末，我可以去看朋友、到我爺爺奶奶家、讀書或者進行體育鍛煉。我那時還是個天真的孩子，不必思考工作上的各種問題，也沒有必要為收入而擔憂，或者擔負照顧家庭的重任。我要做的一切就是享受我的少年時光。
年輕人要切記，健康的身體是幸福的重要組成部分。當你生了病，年紀大了、身子骨疼痛，這時候你就很難感到幸福和開心了。年輕的時候，我可以跑上好多公里也不覺得累。我覺得自己什麼都能做。如今，我上了年紀，動不動就覺得累，我還必須小心翼翼，以免自己受傷。我真希望我還能進行體育活動，因為體育活動能夠讓我感到非常愉快。
我過了精彩的一生，想到這一生中自己所取得的成就我感到驕傲。在我這-生中，不同階段我所做的不同的事情我都為之自豪，但在我腦海裏印象最鮮明、記憶最幸福的時光還是我求學的那些日子，所以我覺得那是我一生中最幸福的時光。
未來的幸福
想象自己的未來，我看到的是自己工作成功，家人圍繞身邊共享天倫之樂的情景。我認為，到那個時候新的科學技術可讓人更加長壽、更加健康。正因為如此，我認為我最幸福的日子是在將來。
未來的科學技術會保證我和家人身體健康，從來就不為生病煩惱。沒有人會感到憂傷，因為到那時人類已經學會解決目前還在影響着我們的許多問題，如戰爭、環境污染和饑荒。人們彼此之間將會更好地溝通和交流。未來科技將保證所有人都能擁有健康和幸福!我想象着，在未來每天只需要工作四個小時，而且每個人都可以做各種有趣的兼職。至於那些枯燥無味的事情，將有機器人和電腦來幫助我們處理。這會大大簡化我們的生活。甚至説不定還有自動廚房來給我們烹煮快餐。這樣，每個家庭就可以花最多的時間和家人相伴，花最少的時間來做家務。
我感到幸福的原因還因為到那時我已是成人了。青少年時期，你很難專注於幸福!我們住學校裏需要刻苦學習，-旦抽空放鬆一下時，總有人告訴你應該做這個、應該學那個。到了將來，我會更加成熟，能夠自己做決定，做自己喜歡做的事情。我會有-份穩定並且自己喜歡的工作，我會因為工作成功而找到幸福。
想想自己最幸福的日子還在前頭，這感覺真的很好。這樣一想，我就有了刻苦學習以享受未來生活的動力。
● Section 2 Background information about the Goodwill Games and Sang Lan
The Goodwill Games
The Goodwill Games are another important sports event where the world's best athletes have another opportunity to come together and prove their abilities on the world stage. They were first held in Moscow in 1986. In 2001, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia successfully held the Games. It was the first time that the Goodwill Games were hosted by a city outside of the USA and the former USSR. If you would like to know more about the Goodwill Games, you can visit the following website:
http://www,
Goodwill Games Ceases Operations
After 16 years, encompassing five Summer and one Winter Goodwill Games that included nearly 20,000 athletes from 100 countries, dozens of world records and countless memories, the Goodwill Games have ceased operations.
The brainchild of founder Ted Turner, the Goodwill Games began in 1986 in the host city of Moscow, Russia as a way to ease tensions during the Cold War through friendly athletic competition between nations. With the end of the Cold War, the Games' focus shifted toward youth initiatives. Using sports as a way to better young people's lives, the Goodwill Games raised millions of dollars for charity.
The Goodwill Games would take place in Seattle, WA (1990), St. Petersburg, Russia (1994), New York City, NY (1998), Brisbane, Australia (2001) and a Winter Goodwill Games in Lake Placid, NY in 2000.
The athletes that have appeared in the Games over the years are a who's who of international stars in their respective sports. They include the likes of Carl Lewis, Sergei Bubka, Marion Jones, Felix Savon, Oscar de la Hoya, Tim Duncan, Oksana Baiul, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson, Ian Thorpe, and the list goes on and on. The camaraderie and friendships developed at this multi-sport event, as well as the memories of a great sporting competition will last a lifetime.
友好運動會活動結束
友好運動會在16年後，歷經了5個冬季友好運動會和1個夏季友好運動會，吸引了100個國家的近20,000名運動員參加，創造了許多世界紀錄和無數的回憶後，宣佈結束。
創始人特德特納設想，始於1986年的友好運動會的主辦城市莫斯科是為了通過國家之間友好體育競賽緩和冷戰帶來的緊張局勢。隨着冷戰的結束,比賽的焦點轉移到對青少年活動。為了更好地提高青少年的生活,友好運動會提供了萬元善款。
友好運動會又在西雅圖分會(1990年),聖彼得堡,俄羅斯(1994),紐約(1998),澳大利亞的布里斯班(2001)舉行，在紐約普萊西德湖城(2000年)舉行了冬季友好運動會。
多年以來，多少運動員出現在賽場上，有來自各國的國際體育明星。包括象Carl Lewis, Sergei Bubka, Marion Jones, Felix Savon, Oscar de la Hoya, Tim Duncan, Oksana Baiul, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Michael Johnson, Ian Thorpe,等等。不勝枚舉. 充滿友誼、友愛的運動得到了發展、人們對重大體育比賽的回憶也將持續永遠。
Sang Lan, former member of the national women's gymnastic team, suffered severe spinal injuries in a competition at the Goodwill Games held in Long Island in New York in the United States in 1998 and has been bound to a wheelchair ever since. She captured the hearts of Americans while undergoing surgical treatment in the U.S. Sang hopes that she will compete in the National Games for the Disabled as a table tennis player.
Sang Lan Captured the Hearts of Americans
On July 21, 1998, 17-year-old Sang Lan was injured while attempting a practice vault. According to doctors, she had a fracture-dislocation of C-6 on C-7. This had resulted in an injury to her spinal cord. At that time, she could not move her legs. She had minimal motion of her arms. She could not feel from her mid-chest down.
Despite her disability, Sang Lan determined not to allow herself lapse into despair. She did believe that she would walk again one day. While Sang Lan was undergoing rehabilitation in New York, she captured the hearts of Americans. Many people called her a "brave and incredible young lady". She had become an international symbol of courage and was very popular in United States.
Sang Lan Enrolled in Peking University
The optimistic and adamant girl has been admitted to the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University. Her long-cherished desire to go to college has been realized.
Sang's mother said that before the vaulting accident, Song had always busied herself with trainings and contests. After she returned from New York, she became very enthusiastic in study and worked very hard. She even can use a computer skillfully now.
"Get up from where you fall is the most ordinary thing for a gymnast. And it's my motto," Sang said. "I'll arrange my time scientifically and work hard on my studies so as to be a winner in life."
As a former athlete, Sang keeps winning the honor for the nation in mind. "If I can get better, I'll play table tennis and get ready to compete in the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games," she said.
Sang Lan May Appear in Pingpong Games
Sang Lan has lately expressed the desire to take up table tennis as her second sport profession and hopes to take part in 2008 Paralympic Games.
"I will return to competition in 2008. A gold medal in Beijing Olympics is all I want," Sang said.
In the past Paralympic Games, those who have lost their hands still have the ability to play with an arm. So long as she has the will to take up pingpong games, according to Sang Lan, she may join in like matches with opponents of her same grade, according to Paralympic medical classification.
Sang Lan's Facts
Birth date/Place: June 11, 1981
Hometown: Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
Began Gymnastics: 1987
Major Accomplishments:
1998 Chinese Nationals--2nd vault;
1997 Chinese National Vault Champion;
1996 Chinese Nationals--2nd vault
Hobbies: Playing video games, watching "Tom and Jerry"
Food: Kentucky Fried Chicken
●Section 3 Words and expressions from Reading
●Welcome to the unit
1. These people are all doing things that make them happy. (P17) 這些人都在做讓他們高興的事件。
make+賓語+賓語補足語:
其中賓語補足語可以由名詞，形容詞，非謂語動詞充當。
My father wants to make me a doctor.
He made London the base for his revolutionary work.
It'll make me so happy if you'll accept it.
Washing machines make housework easier.
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
I can't make this machine go.
He was made to repeat it.
He could not make himself understood.
相關高考試題
1. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET1998）
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
2. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. （2004廣西）
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
3. - Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
- Oh, that’s ____________. (2003 北京春季)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
答案及解析：
1選 A.分詞引導結果狀語。其中it做make的賓語，the most popular sport充當賓語補足語。
2選 D 動詞不定式充當目的狀語。其中herself做make的賓語，heard充當賓語補足語; herself與heard之間是被動關係。
3選 A what引導的表語從句。其中me做make的賓語，feel excited充當賓語補足語。
●Reading--- The search for happiness
1. To others, happiness means achieving success in something, such as meeting a goal. (P18) 對其他人來説，幸福意味着成功，比如達到一個目標。
mean
vt. meant, meant
1) to express or represent sth. such as an idea, thought, or fact: （指字句等）意謂
What does this word mean?
[+ that] These figures mean that almost 7% of the working population is unemployed.
What do you mean by that remark?
She's quite odd though. Do you know what I mean?
2) used to add emphasis to what you are saying: 意指
I want you home by midnight. And I mean midnight.
Give it back now! I mean it.
3) to have a particular result: 預示
Lower costs mean lower prices.
[+ that] Advances in electronics mean that the technology is already available.
[+ ing form of verb] If we want to catch the 7.30 train, that will mean leaving the house at 6.00.
4) to have an important emotional effect on someone: 意味
It wasn't a valuable picture but it meant a lot to me.
Possessions mean nothing to him.
5) to intend: 打算
I'm sorry if I offended you - I didn't mean any harm.
The books with large print are meant for our partially sighted readers.
[+ to infinitive] I've been meaning to phone you all week.
Do you think she meant to say 9 a.m. instead of 9 p.m.?
[+ object + to infinitive] This exercise isn't meant to be difficult.
They didn't mean for her to read the letter.
相關高考試題
1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.（2002上海春）
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _________ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. ( 2006江蘇)
A. who B. that C. as D. which
3. If you think that treating a woman well means always_______ her permission for things, think again. （2006湖南）
A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting
答案及解析：
1選A. mean doing 表示“意味着”；mean to do表示“本打算”。
2選D. which 引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾的先行詞是前面整個句子。
3選D. mean doing 表示“意味着”；mean to do表示“本打算”。
2. Sang Lan is very good example of someone who is happy with her life, even when people expect her to be sad. (P18) 桑蘭是享受生活的一個很好的例子，儘管人們認為她會悲傷。
expect
vt. 1) to think or believe sth. will happen, or someone will arrive:
We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.
[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.
I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.
[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.
The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.
We were half expecting you not to come back.
2) to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:
I expect punctuality from my students.
[+ to infinitive] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.
相關高考試題
1. Mum is coming. What present ___________ for your birthday? （2005福建）
A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got
2. According to the art dealer, the painting ______ to go for at least a million dollars. （2004四川）
A. is expected B. expects
C. expected D. is expecting
3. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job. （2000全國）
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
答案及解析：
1選C. 此句中do you expect為插入語，由於do you expect已用疑問語序，主句用陳述語序，故選C。
2選A. 油畫與價格之間是被期待着的關係。此句應用被動語態。
3選B. what, which, how, when, where等特殊疑問詞後一般接動詞不定式，與疑問詞一起充當賓語，表語。
3. Well, in case some of our viewers don’t know her story, can you tell us a little bit about Sang Lan and who she is? （P18）好的，或許我們有些觀眾還不知道桑蘭的故事，您能給我們簡單介紹一下桑蘭嗎？
1) in case：because of a possibility of sth. happening, being needed, etc. 以防
I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some just in case.
Bring a map in case you get lost.
I left for the office earlier than usual this morning in case of traffic jam.
相關高考試題
1. I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s __________ I have to wait. (2005全國II)
A. in case B．so that C．in order D．as if
2. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? （2006全國II）
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
3. We always keep ________ spare paper, in case we ran out. （2006浙江）
A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many
答案及解析：
1選A. in case表示“以防，萬一; so that “以便”,引導目的狀語從句；in order後可以接不定式，也可接that引導目的狀語從句；as if 表示“好象”。
2選D. when引導的條件狀語從句，此句意為，“你從來不聽，怎麼能學到東西”。
3選C. 此句意為，“我們總是保留充足的紙，以防用光”。
2) a little bit：副詞短語，一點
相關高考試題
1. I wish you’d do ________ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. （2006江蘇）
A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more
答案及解析：選A. 此句意為，“我希望你少説一點，多做一點，因此，事件會變的更好”。
4．Even though her training meant that she had to live apart from her parents, she was happy to devote herself to gymnastics. （P18）參加訓練意味着她不能和父母住在一起，但儘管如此，她還是樂意奉獻於體操。
1) even though/if：although 儘管
Even though he was tired, he helped me with my work.
I shall go even though it rains.
It is better to ask him even though he (should) refuse.
even/as if：used to describe how a situation seems to be 好象
She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.
They stared at me as if I was crazy.
相關高考試題
1. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____they are different from your own. (2005湖南)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
2. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _________, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car. （2005江西）
A．even so B．even though C．therefore D．so
答案及解析：
1選B. 此句意為，“即使小孩有不同的意見，也要讓他們説出來”。
2選A. even so“儘管如此”；even though“儘管，即使”；therefore“因此”；so“因此”。
2) devote …to…：to give all of sth. especially your time, effort or love, or yourself, to sth. you believe in or to a person:奉獻於…
He left government to devote more time to his family.
She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.
[R] At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God.
相關高考試題
Our Party has always devoted great attention to raising the living _____ of the working people. (2004上海)
A. cost B. situation C. level D. standard
答案及解析：選D。此句意為，“我們黨一直很關注提高人民的生活水平”。
5. That must have been difficult for her. She must have been very sad. （P19）那對她肯定很困難，她一定很難過。
must
modal verb 1) used to show that it is necessary or very important that sth. happens in the present or future:
Meat must be cooked thoroughly.
I must get some sleep.
You mustn't show this letter to anyone else.
Luggage must not be left unattended (= it is against the rules).
FORMAL Must you leave so soon?
FORMAL "Must I sign this?" "No, there's no need."
2) if you say that you must do sth. you mean that you have a definite intention to do sth. in the future:
I must phone my sister.
We must get someone to fix that wheel.
I mustn't bite my nails.
3) used for emphasis:
I must say, you're looking extremely well.
I must admit, I wasn't looking forward to it.
4) if you tell someone else that they must do sth. pleasant, you are emphasizing that you think it is a good idea for them to do that:
You must come and stay with us for the weekend.
We must meet for lunch soon.
5) used to show that sth. is very likely, probable or certain to be true:
Harry's been driving all day - he must be tired.
There's no food left - we must have eaten it all.
When you got lost in the forest you must have been very frightened.
"You must know Frank." "No, I don't."
相關高考試題
1. -Is Jack on duty today?
-It ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow. （2006四川）
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t
2. There's no light on - they______ be at home. （2006全國I）
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
3. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. (2005遼寧)
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
4. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at lease 150 km an hour. (2006重慶)
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
答案及解析：
1.選C. 表示肯定的推測用must; 否定的推測用cannot. 意為，“不可能是他”。
2.選A. 表示否定的推測用cannot. 意為，“他們不可能在家”。
3.選D. 表示肯定的推測用must; must have put用的是完成式，表示的動作發生在主句表示的動作is sweet之前，意為，“你肯定放了好多糖”。
4選B. 表示肯定的推測。
6．Instead of crying about what she had lost and feeling hopeless, Sang Lan thought about what she could do to get better. (P19) 她沒有對她失去的而哭泣或感到無望，相反，桑蘭想到的是自己能做什麼來改變自己的狀態。
instead of：in place of someone or sth. else 代替;而不…
There's no coffee - would you like a cup of tea instead?
You can go instead of me, if you want
I'll go instead of him.
I can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother.
I can't go, she'll go instead of me.
She went to school instead of staying at home.
7. And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life? (P19) 那桑蘭是怎樣適應新生活的呢？
adapt
vi. 1) to become familiar with a new situation:
The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.
It took me a while to adapt to the new job.
2) to change sth. to suit different conditions or uses:
Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system.
The recipe here is a pork roast adapted from Caroline O'Neill's book 'Louisiana Kitchen'.
[+ to infinitive] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.
The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.
Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth's latest novel for television.
8. I know I will think about how she rebuilt her life whenever my life feels unbearable. (P19)我知道，以後每當我感到生活難以承受時，都會想一想桑蘭是如何重建生活的。
whenever
adv. conj. 1) every or any time:
I blush whenever I think about it.
Whenever I go there they seem to be in bed.
I try to use olive oil whenever possible.
"Will it be okay if I do it tomorrow?" "Sure, whenever (= then or at any other time)."
Do it in a spare moment at the weekend or whenever - it really doesn't matter.
I'm talking about last July or whenever it was that you got back from India.
2) used instead of 'when' to add emphasis to a phrase, usually expressing surprise:
Whenever do you get the time to do these things?
相關高考試題
1. In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help _______ there is human suffering. (2006江西)
A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever
2. The old tower must be saved, _________the cost. （2005浙江）
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
3. --- Could you do me a favour? (2006北京)
--- It depends on ______ it is.
A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever
答案及解析：
1選D. 此句相當於send help to the place where there is human suffering。Wherever引導定語從句。
2.選B. whatever意為“無論什麼”。此句意為，“那座古塔必須修，無論花什麼代價”。
3.選C. what引導的賓語從句。意為，“看看是幫什麼忙”。
9. Reeve could not walk either, due to an unfortunate horse riding accident. (P21)由於一次騎馬時不幸的事故，Reeve也不能走路了。
due to
caused by; attributable to 由於
This accident was due to his carelessness.
His illness was due to overwork.
The accident was due to bad driving.
The stove smokes, that is due to the pipe being stopped.
His success was due to hard work.
The wages due to him will be paid tomor
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