詞彙導練
1．I was very busy on Tuesday，but my friend came to visit me at such a(n)____________ (不方便的)time.
2．Young people have no respect for ____________ (權威)these days.
3．A ____________ (可靠的)resource told the journalists the hospital would close.
4. I bought this coat at a____________(折扣)．
5．He was accused of using his ____________
(公家的)car for private business.
6．I thought I knew what to do，but now I’m____________(被搞糊塗了)．
7．What is the d____________time of the flight to New York?
8．The sport meet was p____________just because of the bad weather.
9．Why are you making a d____________between men and women?
10．The machine won’t f____________ properly if you don’t oil it.
11．Television violence can encourage____________(aggressive)in children.
12．After an hour’s delay，passengers were becoming____________(patient).
ibility/probability ician toms al emporary rful ef rted ngement
短語彙集
1．________________ 對……造成破壞
2．________________ 加快……的步伐
3．________________ 危及自己和他人的生命
4．________________ 遇堵車
5．________________ 按折扣價買到某物
6．________________ 負擔重
7．________________ 跟上；並駕齊驅
8．________________ 更好地利用
9．________________ 維持秩序
10．________________ 加速
11．________________ 在修理中
12．________________ 使……保持良好狀態
e/do damage to... lerate the pace one’s own life as well as the lives of caught/stuck in a traffic jam a discount burdened with a heavy load pace better use of order d up r repair good condition
語句試譯
1．(迴歸課本P50)________more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.
隨着更先進的隧道挖掘方法的使用，泰晤士河下面第一條鐵路隧道於1884年開始挖掘。
2．(迴歸課本P62)If you are with someone else who has been drinking alcohol，__________________they have had just a couple of beers，do not allow them to drive.
如果你和一直在喝酒的人在一起，即使對方只喝了幾杯啤酒，也不要讓他開車。
3．(迴歸課本P53)________do you think________________________travelling on it 100 years ago?
你認為100年前坐地鐵旅行會是什麼樣的？
if ；it was like
核心知識
1permit vt.& vi. 允許，准許，許可
n． 許可證；執照；通行證
(迴歸課本P51)Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over the underground system.
請光臨我們的售票處，選擇購買一張允許你乘坐倫敦地鐵系統所有地鐵線的乘車卡。
13
歸納拓展
例句探源
①Permit me to lead the way，sir!
先生，請讓我來帶路吧！
②(朗文P1520)Horseback riding is not permitted in the park.
公園裏不允許騎車。
③(牛津P1478)We hope to visit the cathedral，if time permits.
如果時間允許，我們希望能參觀一下主教座堂。
1．完成句子
(1)地鐵車廂裏不允許抽煙。
We do not________ ________in the underground carriages.
答案：permit smoking
(2)警察允許他在那裏停車。
The policeman________ ________ ________.
答案：permitted him to park there
(3)你有在池塘裏釣魚的許可證嗎？
Have you got________ ________ to fish in this pond?
答案：a permit
2．用permit的適當形式填空：
(1)Time________，we’ll discuss both questions.
答案：permitting
(2)We are________ ________to swim in this river；it’s too dangerous.
答案：not permitted
2dozen n． 一打，十二個；十幾個，十來個；許多，好多
(迴歸課本P53)Another problem was that there were a dozen different lines，which were not linked.
另一個問題是有十幾條線路，這些線路都沒有連接在一起。
歸納拓展
與具體的數字或a，many，several等詞連用時，結構為：
num.(a，many，several)＋dozen＋(複數)n.；
num.＋dozen＋of＋these/those/the/one’s＋(複數)n.。
dozens of表示不限定量，不與具體的數字連用。
例句探源
①(朗文P613)I bought two dozen apples.
我買了兩打蘋果。
②(牛津P603)They arrived in dozens.
他們大批到達了。
③(牛津P603)I’ve been there dozens of times.
我到那裏去過很多次。
3．完成句子
(1)我要五打這種雞蛋。
I want________ ________these eggs.
答案：five dozen
(2)這玩具是按打賣的。
The toys are sold________ ________ ________.
答案：by the dozen
(3)他幹過幾十次了。
He did it________ ________ ________.
答案：dozens of times
3aim n． 目標；目的
vi. 目的是，打算；瞄準，對準
vt. 將……瞄準；將……指向
(迴歸課本P57)The aim of this is to reduce air pollution.
這樣做的目的是減少空氣污染。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(2009年高考天津卷)This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking.
這項活動的目的是提高學生的聽説能力。
②Pop art was an important modern art movement that aimed to show ordinary twentiethcentury city life.
波普藝術是一個重要的現代藝術流派，着眼於展現20世紀普通的城市生活。
③(牛津P42)We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
我們應該努力爭取更大的市場份額。
④(朗文P43)The environmental agency is taking aim at a popular but dangerous chemical used by farmers.
環境部門正在針對農民廣泛使用一種化學危險品採取行動。
4．-It is reported that the government has lightened the burden on the students.
-Oh，today we are still________from heavy schoolwork________at preparing us for the entrance examination.
A．suffering；aims B．suffered；aimed
C．suffering；aimed D．suffered；aiming
解析：選C。suffer from“苦於……，遭受”；由句子的時態可知第一個空應用現在分詞形式；第二個空應用非謂語動詞作定語。
4arise vi. 出現，發生；升起
(迴歸課本P62)The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased greatly over the past year.
在過去的一年中，交通事故數量以及由交通事故所引發的死亡人數急速上升。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.
克隆恐龍的過程中也會出現許多問題。
②(朗文P89)Daniel arose at dawn.
丹尼爾天剛剛亮就起牀了。
③(牛津P89)Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting?
上次會議記錄方面有無尚待解決的事項？
④The peasants arose against their masters.
農民奮起反對奴役他們的人。
易混辨析
arise from，rise from，result from
(1)arise from的使用範圍比較狹窄，在多數情況下都具有特殊的修辭色彩或詩體特色，其主語常常是抽象名詞。
(2)rise from“從……升起來，提高；發源於”，比arise from用得更廣、更常見，主語多用非抽象名詞。
(3)result from因……而產生，則強調動作有某種結果。
5．完成句子
(1)如果有問題發生，請通知我。
If any problems________ ________，please let me know.
答案：should arise
(2)事物的發展源於它的內部矛盾。
The development inside a thing________ ________the contradiction.
答案：arises from
failure in the physics exam arose________his lack of carefulness.
A．out B．from
C．at D．in
解析：選B。arise from由……引起。句意：他在物理測試中的失敗是由於缺少細心引起的。故B正確。
7.A completely new situation will________when the examination system comes into existence.
A．arise B．rise
C．raise D．arouse
解析：選A。raise和arouse為及物動詞，在此語境中應用被動，rise的主語一般為具體名詞，此處主語為situation。故B可排除，選A。
5take notice of 注意，注意到，關注
(迴歸課本P57)They have done so in the hope that people will take notice of the problems caused by poisonous smoke and gas from cars.
他們這樣做希望人們注意到汽車所產生的有毒煙霧和氣體所帶來的問題。
歸納拓展
take note of 注意到；將……銘記在心
take account of考慮到，顧及
take charge of負責，掌管
take control of控制住，管住
例句探源
①(牛津P1361)Take note of what he says.
牢記他説的話。
②He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
他在父親去世後掌管了農場。
③(朗文P438)Israel took control of the zone in 1985.
以色列在1985年控制了該地區。
8．完成句子
(1)別去理會他們説些什麼。
Don’t________ ________ ________ ________what they say.
答案：take any note of
(2)只要有可能，這家公司總是儘量考慮到環境問題。
The company________ ________ ________environmental issues wherever possible.
答案：take account of
(3)她畢業後，掌管了公司。
She ________ ________ ________the company after graduation.
答案：took charge of
6make up for 補償，彌補
(迴歸課本P57)Then I thought I could have a relaxing weekend to make up for all my hard work，....
我認為我可以過一個輕鬆的週末來彌補我所付出的努力了，……
歸納拓展
(1)make up sth.指補上、補做耽誤了的事情。 (2)make up for sth.指用其他方式彌補，使平衡。
例句探源
①(朗文P1246)The bus driver was speeding to make up for lost time.
那個公共汽車司機正在加速行駛以補回失去的時間。
②(牛津P1222)Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去一個孩子是任何東西都無法彌補的。
9．用make up或make up for的正確形式填空
(1)你認為她的美麗能彌補她的愚蠢嗎？
Do you think her beauty could________ ________ ________her stupidity?
答案：make up for
(2)你在期末考試時生病了，所以你得補考。
Because you were ill，you will have to________ ________the final exam.
答案：make up
7in addition to 除……之外，包括
(迴歸課本P59)In addition to the frequent fast ferries to ports in Weihai and Yantai，there are slower ferries to Shanghai，Qinhuangdao and Inchon in Korea.
除了有駛往威海和煙台港口定時的快速渡輪外，還有駛往上海、秦皇島和韓國仁川的慢速渡輪。
歸納拓展
常見的表示“除……之外”的表達法：
(1)in addition to表示“除……之外還”，一般位於句首。
(2)besides表示“除了……還有”。
(3)except表示“排除……在外”。
(4)如果從整體情況來看，要排除其中的部分特殊情況用except for，其中“除外”的事情或人往往是不同的；如果是將不包括在內的某事或某人排除在外，使用 except。
(5)except that後跟從句且that不能省略。
(6)apart from重在強調既含有“除了……還有”，也含有“排除……在外”之意。
例句探源
①(牛津P23)There is，in addition，one further point to make.
此外，還有一點要説。
②You will be paid overtime in addition to your regular salary.
除了正常薪水外，加班費另付。
10．完成句子
(1)課程除了介紹一般的電腦知識外，還提供實際操作的機會。
________ _______/________/________ ________giving a general introduction to computer，the course also provides practical experience.
答案：In addition to/Besides/Apart from
(2)除了託比和珍妮特之外，聚會上還有我們認識的人嗎？
Will there be anyone else we know at the party________/________ ________/________ ________ ________Toby and Janet?
答案：besides/apart from/in addition to
(3)除了積滿灰塵之外，這房子與我離開時沒什麼兩樣。
The house was just as I left it________ ________everything was covered with dust.
答案：except that
(4)除了一位老太太，公共汽車上沒有別的乘客。
________ ________one old lady，the bus was empty.
答案：Except for
(5)你可以吃任何一塊蛋糕，但這塊除外。
You can have any of the cakes________/________ ________this one.
答案：except/apart from
8under repair 正在維修中，在修建中
(迴歸課本P59)The storms washed away soil along the road and part of the road is still under repair.
暴風雨沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分路段目前仍在修建中。
歸納拓展
under discussion在討論中
under the circumstances在此情況下，既然這樣
under the influence of在……的影響下
under the leadership of在……的領導下
列句探源
①(朗文P1731)Two sections of Highway 101 are under repair.
101公路有兩段正在修理中。
②(牛津P569)The plans have been under discussion(＝being talked about)for a year new.
這些計劃至今已討論一年了。
③Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在這種情況下，不告訴他有關這次事故的情況似乎更好。
④She was charged with driving under the influence.
她被控酒後駕駛。
11．完成句子
(1)你的建議正在討論之中。
Your suggestion is ________ ________.
答案：under discussion
(2)非常抱歉，但在這種情況下，我必須放棄。
I am very sorry but________ ________ ________I must give it up.
答案：under the circumstances
(3)他受到了張教授的影響。
He was________ ________ ________ ________Professor Zhang.
答案：under the influence of
句型解析
【教材原句】 As more advanced ways of digging tunnels were developed，the first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.(P50)
隨着先進的挖掘隧道方法的改進，第一條在泰晤士河下的鐵路隧道於1884年開始動工。
【句法分析】 此處as引導時間狀語從句。
as用作連詞，可引導下列狀語從句：
(1)引導時間狀語從句，強調主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞的同時性。
(2)引導讓步狀語從句，“儘管”，“雖然”，“即使”(倒裝)。
(3)引導方式狀語從句，“以……方式”。
(4)引導原因狀語從句(＝since；because)，“由於”，“因為”。
(5)引導比較狀語從句。
influence of automobile extends throughout the economy ________the car is so important to American people.
A．then B．as
C．so D．which
解析：選B。考查狀語從句。前後句之間構成因果關係，故用as，表示“因為”。
13．(2010年海南加來高三月考)________，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A．Strange as might it sound
B．As it might sound strange
C．As strange it might sound
D．Strange as it might sound
解析：選D。考查as引導讓步狀語從句時的倒裝用法。as引導讓步狀語從句時倒裝的基本結構為：形容詞/副詞/名詞(單數可數名詞前一般不帶冠詞)＋as＋主語＋謂語。句意：儘管他的觀點聽起來很奇怪，但這被出席會議的所有人接受了。
14．It had been a long time________I left my hometwon in Florida.I drove to the town hoping to see the old barber shop________I had my hair cut as a child.
A．that；which B．when；as
C．since；where D．as；that
解析：選C。考查狀語從句和賓語從句的引導詞。句意：我離開我的家鄉佛羅里達州已經好久了，我開車到城裏去，希望能看到我小時候在那裏理髮的那家理髮店。第一空處是it be＋時間段＋since引導的狀語從句，表示“自從某事發生到現在有多長時間”；第二空用where引導定語從句，修飾shop，在從句中作地點狀語。
house was greatly damaged by the ’d better leave things________they are until the police arrive.
A．since B．as
C．though D．unless
解析：選B。考查狀語從句。句意：卡車對這座房子造成了嚴重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到警察到來。as引導方式狀語從句，意為“照……方式”。leave things as they are意為“順其自然”。
16.________his courage，________I don’t think he acted wisely.
A．Much as I admire；/
B．Much as do I admire；but
C．As I admire much；still
D．Although I admire；but
解析：選A。句意：儘管我很欽佩他的勇氣，但我認為他這樣做很不明智。as引導讓步狀語從句時要倒裝，本句的倒裝結構為：副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語。as為連詞引導讓步狀語從句，後面的句子為主句，不加連詞。
17．________is often the case with elder people，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A．That B．Which
C．As D．It
解析：選C。考查定語從句的引導詞。表示“正如……”時，只能用關係代詞as。as引導的從句放在主句的前面、中間或末尾都可以。
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