北 京 四 中
撰 稿：李俊和 編 審：畢 勤 責 編：隋 瑜
一、完型填空題的幾點説明
完型填空是許多同學感到困惑的一個題型，其實明確了它的特點並認真訓練是完全可以攻克這一難關的。
完型填空是外語學習中一種綜合練習或測試形式。在近些年高考的試卷中，完型填空被列為一項考查考生綜合運用所學詞彙和語法知識能力的重要題型。
完型填空可以考查出學生閲讀理解的能力如何,也可以看出他們寫作技能的高低。同時又能鑑定出在一定語境下考生對詞彙和慣用法的掌握情況。當然，由於做完型填空經常要藉助上下文的內容進行推理判斷，完型填空也是對思維能力的考核。
完型填空一般是一篇有一定情節的短文，文章長度約200詞左右，挖空20個。空與空之間一般間隔是9-10個詞。備選答案主要是單個的詞，以實詞為主，主要是動詞和名詞。它有四項考查重點，即缺詞閲讀、詞語辨析、寫作能力和邏輯分析。現在的完型是意思的考核代替了明顯的語法知識的考核，所給的四個備選答案几乎都不錯，但其中只有一個是最佳的。
做完型填空練習時首先要粗讀全文，瞭解大意。要細讀第一句，因為第一句一般不挖空，可得到較多信息。第一遍做題時爭取先填出有把握的空，哪怕僅三五個。第二遍做題則逐個解決，只留下個別不會的題。注意後線索的現象，答案的提示不一定在前邊。決定好答案後要注意它不但應該在單句中合理、從全文看也合理。判斷的依據可以是環境因素，同義詞語，反義詞語，動作順序，時間地點，連接詞語及構詞法知識。
完型填空水平的提高取決於閲讀與寫作水平的提高。要練好閲讀中的跳讀與掠讀的技術。要努力把英語句子寫得通順流暢。要重視動詞名詞中意義相近的同義詞的辨析。還有就是學會邏輯推理，分析概括。所以，練完型不要急於求成，它是和你的讀寫水平一起提高的。
二、語法知識易錯點
1. 全部倒裝。
1) 介詞短語表方位提前，如：in front of, in the distance等。
In front of the lake lies a house.
2) 做狀語的副詞置於句首，如：in, out, down, up, back, over, away, off以及here, there, now, then等。但是主語為人稱代詞時不倒裝。
Here comes the bus.
Here he comes.
誤：In front of the house did a small boy sit.
正：In front of the house sat a small boy.
2. 部分倒裝。
1) 否定詞放在句首。如：neither, nor, never, hardly, scarcely, not only, seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until等。
Not until midnight did he come back.
2) 頻率狀語放在句首。如：often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two days等。
Often did he talk about it.
3) 方式狀語放在句首。如：thus, so.
I was late for school and so was he.
4) only + 狀語放在句首。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
誤：Only can you do it.
正：Only you can do it.
3. 在定語從句中，先行詞為物的情況下，以下幾種情況只能用that不能用which。
1) 有序數詞或最高級修飾；
It's the first time that I have been here.
2) 先行詞為不定代詞；
That is all that I want to know.
3) 先行詞由不定代詞修飾；
He mentioned all the books that were laid on the table.
4) 先行詞有the only, the very, the last修飾；
It is the very dictionary that I need.
5) 先行詞既有人又有物。
誤：He talked about the teachers and schools which he had visited.
正：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
4. 只能用which的情況有：
1) 介詞後面；
This is the factory in which my father works.
2) ，後面。
I have a book, which is very interesting.
誤：This is the house in that I stayed.
正：This is the house in which I stayed.
誤：I was late for school again, that made the teacher angry.
正：I was late for school again, which made the teacher angry.
5. if條件句虛擬的構成。
If I were you, I would go there alone.
If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.
If I should do/were to do/did it, I would do it in a different way.
誤：If he took our advice, he wouldn't be in trouble.
正：If he had taken our advice, he wouldn't have been in trouble.
6. 主語從句的虛擬。
1) It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常見的形容詞有：necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2) It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常見的名詞有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3) It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常見的過去分詞有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered, proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
誤：It is important that he learns English.
正：It is important that he learn English.
7. 賓語從句的虛擬。
1) 表命令，表建議，表要求的動詞，後接賓語從句虛擬。虛擬的構成為(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2) wish後接從句，虛擬的構成是往過去推一個時態。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
誤：I wish I was you.
正：I wish I were you.
8. 注意以下幾組詞或短語用於虛擬語氣中。
1) as if, as though
誤：He speaks English as if he was a native speaker.
正：He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2) otherwise, but, even though
誤：He was ill. Otherwise he would be there.
正：He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3) with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4) would rather
誤：I'd rather you tell me yourself.
正：I'd rather you told me yourself.
5) It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
6) for fear that, in case
Take an umbrella in case that it should rain.
7) Would you mind
Would you mind if I smoked here?
8) May you…
May you be happy for ever!
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