1、 常用與開頭的短語、句式
(1) with the (rapidly)growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
(2) With the (rapid)growth of (our economy/population)，many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginng to surface
(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy)，more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
(4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).
(5) Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers) begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are,on the oher hand,many reasons against it,First,…Second,…Finally,…
(7) There are many advantanges and disadvantages in(owning a car).
(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
(10) The possible solutions of (the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems)depend on three factors…
(11) The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are…
2.常用於結尾的`短語、句式
(1) It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to 。。。
(2) To conclude，we can see that (the best way/the possible solution)is。。。
(3) In short，(shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase rain production)。
(4) In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to。。。
(5) In a word ，there are three suggestions we must follow ，only in this way can we(achieve a great success)。
(6) It is time for us to take an actie part in。。。
(7) Let us work hand in hand in hand to(solve these social problems)
3.陳述或論證觀點、看法(view，point，opinion)、原因(reason、cause)、方法、手段、措施、步驟。。。。。。(method，means，measures，step。。。)、因素(factor)、利弊、優缺點(advantage，disadvantage)時常用的詞語、句式：
(1)引述段落提出問題時常用的句式、詞語：
。。。。的原因有許多。There are many reasons why。。。
。。。。的原因如下;The reasons why 。。。are as follows
我的看法是。。。。My opinon is that
(2)展開段落論證時常用的句式、詞語：
①、第一層次(首先)First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all ，To begin with，For one thing。
我的第一理由是。。。My first reason is that。。。
主要因素是。。。。The main factor is that 。。。
②第二層次(其次)Second ，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，
另一種方法是。。。Another means of 。。。is to do。。
第二種解決方法是。。。the second solution is that。。。
③第三層次(第三點)Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important
(3)總結性段落常用句式、詞語：
最後一點 last，lastly，finally，in the last place ，last of all，in short，in brief
簡言之 in a word ，in summary，tosum up
總之， in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all
因此， so，thus，hence，therefor。Consequently，for thee reasons
結果， in consequence，as a result
由此可見。。。 it will be seen from it that
如上所述，我們可以得出結論。。。as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that。。。
(4)將事物的正反、好壞兩方面，或者將兩種不同事物進行比較，對比時常用的句式、短語：
然而 while ，whereas，but，however，nevertheless
儘管如此 in spite of that，despite all this
但在另一方面 but on the other hand
與。。。相比 in/by in comparison with。。。/as compare with。。。
對比之下 by/in contrast
與。。。相反 as opposed to。。。/instead of。。。
相反 on the contrary，instead
他們的區別如下 The differences sre as follows;the differences can be described as follows
A與B之間的不同在於。。。。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in。。。;A is different from B in。。。
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