Unit4 形容詞和副詞
一、考點聚焦
1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置
形容詞是用來修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動詞後面作表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位於形容詞之前，動詞之後或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記；
（1）形容詞短語作定語，定語後置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
（2）表語形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語，定語後置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill只作表語。sick既可作表語又可作定語，ill如作定語意為“bad”。
（3）用作定語，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構成的複合詞如anything、something等時，通常後置。如：
I have something important to tell you.
（4）else常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的後置定語。
（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或後置，程度副詞一般位於形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時，必須後置。
（6）幾個副詞並列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點→時間。如：
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動詞後，行為動詞前。
（8）副詞作定語，定語後置。如：
The person there is waiting for you.
（9）幾個並列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（大小）+ shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
（10）以-ly結尾的詞性辨析。
①下列單詞以-ly結尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。
②表願意（無-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：
deep深 wide寬廣 high高 low位置低
deeply深入地 widely廣泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微
③有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：
dead完全，絕對be dead asleep
deadly非常be deadly tired
pretty相當be pretty certain that…
prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed
close近Don’t sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late晚、遲arrive late, come late
lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).
2、複合形容詞的構成
（1）形容詞 + 名詞 + ed
kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白髮的
(2)形容詞 + 形容詞
red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍的
（3）形容詞 + 現在分詞
good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的
（4）副詞 + 現在分詞
hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉動的
（5）副詞 + 過去分詞
hard-won得來不易的，newly-made新建的
（6）名詞 + 形容詞
life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的
（7）名詞 + 現在分詞
peace-loving愛好和平的，fun-loving愛開玩笑的
（8）名詞 + 過去分詞
snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的
（9）數詞 + 名詞 + ed
four-storeyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的
（10）數詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數）
ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的
3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級
（1）原級的構成和用法。
構成：形容詞、副詞的原級即本身。
用法：表示雙方在程度、性質、特徵等某方面相等時，用“as + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構；表示雙方不相等時，用“not so(as) + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時，用“倍數 + as + 原級形容詞/副詞 + as”的結構。如：
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .
This room is three times as large as that one.
（2）比較級和最高級的構成。
掌握比較級和最高級的變化規則，熟記少數不符合規則的特殊形容詞和副詞。
（3）比較級的用法。
①對方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 + than”的結構表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方時，用“less + 原級 + than”的結構表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超過另一方的程度或數量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用於強調最高級。用於比較級時，一般放在比較級的後面，如在前面，應在二者中間加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級（主語 + 謂語）”的結構（意為“越……越……”）。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結構。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior結尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優於……）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在……之前）等。
He is superior to g in chemistry.
⑦在比較從句中為了避免重複，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數名詞單數和不可數名詞，而one只能代替可數名詞。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍數表達法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍。用times 表倍數通常用於三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.
(4)最高級的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the + 最高級”的結構表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較範圍的介詞短語。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高級可被序數詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
④形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。
①形容詞最高級前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級前可不加冠詞。
②形容詞最高級前有時加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非常”。如：
He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)
③表示兩者間“較……的一個”比較級前加the。如：
who is the older of the tow boys?
④在“the + 比較級…，the + 比較級…”結構中。
⑤在same前一般要加the。
⑥有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞。如the poor、the rich 等。
（6）由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語。
① as much as + 不可數名詞數量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as + 可數名詞數量 多達
I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as遠到；就……而知（論）
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.
⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，極其
They are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。
⑦as … as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as … as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
(7)幾組重要的詞語辨析。
①very 和much的區別。（A）可分等級的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態的過去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。(C)已轉化為形容詞的現在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventue these ’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）關於原級形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結構：（a）修飾絕對意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。
②so … that … 與such … that … 的區別。
so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that …
so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數可數名詞 + that …
so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that …
such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數可數名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 + that …
such + 形容詞 + 複數名詞 + that …
注意：下列結構中只能用so不可用such,當名詞前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當little表示“小”時用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather。
③其他幾組詞的辨析。（A）ago、before:ago表示以現在為起點的“以前”；before指以過去或將來的某時刻為起點的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已經發生；yet表示期待某事發生；still表示某事還在進行，主要用於肯定句。
(C)too、also、either:too和also用於肯定句，too多用於口語，also多用於書面語，either用於否定句。(D)good、well:與good不同的是，well作形容詞，只能在系動詞後作表語，表示“身體狀況好”，也作副詞修飾動詞。(E)quick、fast:作形容詞皆表“快”。fast多指運動的物體，含持續的意思。quick多指一次動作的敏捷、突然，而且持續的時間較短。(F)real、true:形容詞表“真的”。real強調真實存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語；true指與事實標準和實際情況相符合，在句中作表語或定語。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大於hard。它們都可作定語和表語。
二、精典名題導解
選擇填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.（NMET 2001）
art much as an art as
an art much as much an art as
解析：答案為D。本題可從考查形容詞的同級比較點入手。在同級比較as…as句式中，如果as後面的形容詞作定語且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時，該冠詞須置於形容詞之後，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數可數名詞 + as”結構。這道題在名詞專題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應注意培養髮散思維。
2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, __________if you don’t speak the language.(NMET 2000)
emely rally cally cially
解析：答案為D。本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語的準確含義，結合語境進行分析。A項意為“極端地”；B項意為“自然地”；C項“基本上”；D項“尤其，特別地”。根據句意“如果你不會講（它的）語言，在國外你就總會困難重重”可知答案。
3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ______known for his plays.(NMET 1998)
best er most
解析：答案為C。本題考查副詞的比較級和最高級。要把握句式之間的聯繫，抓住句子的隱藏信息，結合語境進行分析。根據句意，句中but後應有一詞組be well known for…。同時，應注意到前後兩個分句把professor White的短篇小説和戲劇進行了對比，故應用well的比較級。
三、專項訓練
形容詞
dictionary is_______of the two books.
ker kest k thicker
2._______the hotel is,_______the service should be.
more expensive;the more better expensive;the better
more expensive;the better expensive;more better
3.-Do you enjoy listening to records?
-I think records are often_______actual performance.
good as or better than an good or better than a
good or better than an good as any other
4.I’ll get there by six,if_______.
sooner sooner more quickly quick
bananas taste_______and sell_______.
;good ;well ;well ;good
plan proved_______.
ectly correct be corrected ect
!I have_______to tell you.
thing of use ul something
thing usefully thing useful
experiment is_______to be done again.
h hy hy of h of
9._______as the maths problems is,I can work it out.
icult iculty iculties gh difficult
brother is_______a teacher,he is also a writer.
more than than more than than
the prisoner felt_______without her family nor her friends.
more alone more alone
more lonely more lonely
12.-What can we do with the remaining money?
-We’ve got to be_______and buy only what we need.
ly tical tised
is_______beautiful city I’ve ever visited.
most very D.a most
14.I felt so_______that I fell_______at once.
pily;asleep py;asleep pless;asleep py;sleeping
’d better keep the door_______and the window_______at night.
ting;opening ;opening ;opened ;open
is a_______pretty girl and Tom is a_______naughty boy.
er;rather ly;fairly ly;rather er;fairly
e is_______,although she’s not nearly as old.
tall as she tall as her tall as hers as her
music sounds_______.
t and beautifully tly and beautiful
tly and beautifully t and beautiful
twins look very_______.
e ly
brother is three years_______than I.
ler ger r
have to wait for the_______notice.
her er r
your eyes_______notice anyone entering the room.
ly wide widely
sun is believed to be_______the moon.
bigger than brighter than
larger than bright than
ca is the second_______continent in the world.
e er large est
kind of bike is cheaper than_______kind of bike in the shop.
r other her of the bikes
new type of TV set is very thin,and it is______than a one-hundred-page book.
thinner thicker thinner than
is still_______with his work as he was when I saw him last.
careful most careful careful carefully
28.-Are you going to the football game?
-No,the tickets are_______for me.
ible expensive much expensive
too expensive ly expensive
still love our teacher_______.
ly
erday I bought a jacket but it was_______small.
A.a little too little too very
night we met with_______rain on our way home from our factory.
A.a quite heavy heavy a heavy a D.a so heavy
lecture was so_______that all the people in the hall were_______.
ng;exciting ng;excited d;moving d;moved
r the flood,no house in the village_______.
left standing ined standing remained stood
accident is_______fresh in my memory than when it happened.
le B.a little less
35.I think this is_______I can do for you.
ly best er
副詞
one is_______too large,give me a smaller one.
ly er
’t go out because it is raining_______.
ly kly ngly ily
’ll be late for school if you don’t put on your clothes_______.
kly dly
you returned him the book_______?
l
es for the new type DVD can run_______500 to 1000 dollars.
highly to high as high as highly as
is the best film I have_______seen.
ys r n
e is only a little time had to run_______to catch the plane.
ly ngly
8._______we get up before 10 o’clock.
r om times ys
used his car_______for going to the shops.
st ly ly
grandmother is_______to need a doctor.
ill enough ill gh ill
said the TV set was_______than he wanted.
ly larger er larger er large ly large
12.I don’t know him_______to ask for help.
enough enough gh surely gh well
speaker said_______nothing worth listening to.
st ly ly ly
_______told his teacher all about the matter.
e ably ibly aps
all our school activities,I like dancing_______.
of all the best
physics professor went_______two days ago.
abroad abroad the abroad ad
17.-Where is Li Ping?
-He is working_______.
airs upstairs the upstairs the upstairs
ing is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke_______.
longer more longer more
must leave at once,_______we’ll miss the train.
rwise
don’t know much about mathematics_______.
her er
is_______thinking of how to make more money.
ys lly n
do you know the strike broke_______for?
is_______that his article is_______perfect.
;very t;rather ain;quite t;fairly
24.-Is the bus stop far from here?
-It’s a quarter’s walk,_______.
and more so on together and less
sports shoes are_______for me.
A.a little too small B.a little small to
small a little a little small
26.-Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?
-No,I would gladly have paid_______for it.
e so much e as much much twice much twice
27._______,the medical team is made up of twelve doctors.
gether rely letely ly
28.I don’t often get sick,but_______I do catch cold.
and there n and again
and then and over
you drive home,you can’t be_______careful.
gh he failed in the experiment,_______he didn’t give up.
yet l
參考答案
形容詞
1-10 DCAAC DDBAB 11-20 DCABD CADBC 21-30 ABCDB BCCCA 31-35 BBCDB
副詞
1-10 DDABC DACDB 11-20 CAABC DABCD 21-30 ABBDC AACBA
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