網站首頁 文學常識 簡歷 公文文書 文學名著 實用文 人生哲理 作文 熱點話題作文

g1Unit 21 Body Language

欄目: 英語寫作指導 / 發佈於: / 人氣:2.69W

目標導引

g1Unit 21 Body Language

1.單元詞彙及短語

(1)單元詞彙

avoid, manage, vary, crazy, anger, occur, certain, else, body language, information, mean, close, however, while, seem, as if

(2)單元短語

a head of , would like, communicate with, vary from…to…, look into, each other, rest on, get through, be used to.

2.單元句型

(1)Can/Shall I help you with that?

Could you help me with…?

Would you like me to…?

Do you need some help with that?

Would you like some help?

Is there anything else I can do for you?

(2)Could you please…?

Could you give me a hand with this?

(3)No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.

No, thanks. I can manage it myself.

That’s very nice of you.

(4)keep+賓語+賓語補足語

make+賓語+賓語補足語

There is nothing better than to do…

3.單元語法

動名詞在句中做主語和賓語。

核心知識

同義詞辨析

er…or, neither…nor 和 both…and

either…or, neither…nor 和 both…and 都是並列連詞詞組。

either…or 和 neither…nor 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞在人稱和數上必須與後面的主語保持一致;both…and 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞必須用複數。either…or 意為“或者……或者”、“要麼……要麼”;neither…nor 意為“既不……也不”;both…and 意為“兩者都”。如:

There were either too big or too small.他們要麼太大了,要麼太小了。

Either you or I am right.要麼你對,要麼我對。

Neither you nor he has been there.你和他都沒去過那裏。

Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.約翰和安都有筆友。

He speaks both English and French.他講英語和法語。

sure, be sure

(1)make sure 意為“確保;確信;查明”,後面常接賓語從句及由 of 引起的短語。如:

Make sure (that) he comes at once.一定叫他馬上來。

You’d better make sure of time.你最好查明時間。

Make sure of it before you start out.出發前查明這件事。

(2)be sure 意為“肯定;確定”, be sure 後可跟不定式或“疑問詞+不定式”,構成 be sure to do, be not sure whether to do 結構,要注意“疑問詞+不定式”一般用在否定句中。be sure 後還可跟從句,肯定句後跟 that 從句,否定句後跟 if /whether 從句。如:

He is sure to come.他肯定會來。

I’m not sure whether to go there/when to leave.我不確定是否要去哪兒/何時離開。

I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我確定自己比你跑得快。

I’m not sure whether they can finish the job on time.

我不確定他們是否能及時完成工程。

Be sure to come to our party if you have time.

如果有時間的話一定要來參加我們的聚會。

Be sure to finish it as soon as possible.請務必儘快完成。

,lately,later,latest

(1)late可作形容詞或副詞,意為“遲(的);晚(的)”。如:

He often comes late for school.他上學常遲到。

They were late for the film.他們看電影遲到了。

(2)lately 是副詞,意為“最近;近來”相當於recently,常與現在完成時連用。如:

I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近沒收到他的來信。

(3)later為late的比較級,意為“較遲的(地)”。另外,還可用作副詞,意為“後來”。

如:

He goes home later than anybody .他回家比誰都晚。

See you later .回頭見。

(4)latest為late的最高級,意為“最遲的(地)”;也相當於newest,意為“最新的”。如:I go to bed latest in the family.我是家裏睡覺最遲的。

Here is the latest news from abroad.下面是來自國外的最新消息。

4.sick,ill

(1)sick和ill都有“患病”之意,都可以作表語,美國英語中常用sick作表語。英國英語中常用ill作表語。如:

His mother is ill.(英國用法)他的母親生病了。

His mother is sick.(美國用法)

(2)但用在名詞前作定語時,英國英語、美國英語均用sick而不能用ill.如:

He is looking after his sick mother.他在照顧生病的母親.

d like,feel like

feel like和would like 都表示“想要幹某事”。

(1)feel like 中的like是介詞,後跟名詞或動名詞.如:

I feel like sleeping/taking a walk.我想睡/散步。

I don’t feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路了。

Do you feel like having something to eat?你想要點東西吃嗎?

I feel like a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

I feel like some fish and chips for supper.晚飯我想吃些魚和土豆條。

It’s so hot. I feel like a swim.天真熱,我想去游泳。

(2)would like 中的like 是動詞,後跟不定式或名詞。如:

What would you like to do now ?你現在想做什麼?

I would like to have dinner with you.我想和你一起吃飯。

I would like to talk to you for a minute .我想和你談一下。

Would you like some help?你需要幫助嗎?

e, reason

(1)cause是造成一種事實或現象的“原因”。後接介詞of.如:

Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.造成火災的原因通常是不謹慎。

Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。

(2)reason是説明一種看法或行為的“理由”。後接介詞for.如:

You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.

你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。

7.get through, go through

(1)get through 和 go through 表示“通過(某地、議案等);用完”時可互換使用。如:

The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door,那人胖得連那扇門都過不去。

The plan for this term will have to get/go through the leading group of the school。本學期計劃得經校領導班子通過。

I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month..這一個月內我穿壞了三雙鞋。

(2)get through 和 go through又各有其意義:

get through :通過考試;接通電話

I got through everything except English .除英語外我別的都極格了。

I can’t get through to line is busy.我打不通北京的電話,佔線。

go through:檢查;看一遍;經歷(困難,痛苦)

I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.

我將作業檢查了一遍,以確定什麼都沒有漏掉。

Go through the text from the beginning .把課文從頭看一遍。

She must have gone through a lot.她一定吃了不少苦。

8.manage to do, try to do ,try doing

(1)manage to do 意為“設法做成了某事”,強調其結果是成功的。如:

The firefighters managed to put out the fire at last.消防隊員們終於設法撲滅了大火。

He managed to do the operation with very little help.

在沒有多少幫助的情況下,他設法把手術做成功了。

(2)try to do意為“盡力做某事”。如:

You have to try to write every word neatly and correctly 。

你得盡力把每個字寫得既清楚又準確。

He tried to open the door,but he couldn’t .

他想把門打開,但未能做到。

ng,lovely,lovable

(1)loving意為“愛慕的;鍾情的;深情的。”如:

He gave her a loving kiss.他給了她一個深情的吻。

(2)lovely 意為“可愛的,美麗的;迷人的”。如:

The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden.

這幢房子有很多大房間,並有一個惹人喜愛的花園。

(3)lovable 意為“可愛的,惹人愛的”。多形容人或動物。有時可以與lovely互換。

如:

She is a lovable child.她是個可愛的孩子。

It is a lovable kitten.它是一隻可愛的小貓。

10.appear,seem

(1)兩者用法基本相同,都可作”看起來(好像)……”講,後面可跟形容詞,分詞,名詞,不定式或that從句。如:

It appears/seems that he will win the prize.看來他要獲獎了。

(2)seem可跟隨as if 從句,而appear不能,appear強調外表上給人某種 印象,有時含有實質上並非如此之意;而seem則暗示判斷有一定根據,這種判斷往往接近事實.如:

At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.

當時,我似乎怎麼也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。

His health seems to have grown better.他的健康似乎有所好轉。

He seems to be sick, for he appears pale.

看樣子他病了,因為他面色看起來很蒼白。

He appears to know more than he really does.

他看起來好像懂得很多,其實懂得沒有那麼多。

11.speak, talk,say,tell

(1)speak強調説話的能力、方式和對象,不強調説話的內容,常以某種語言作賓語,作不及物動詞時,常見搭配有:speak of sth./sb.“談到某事,某人”,speak to sb.“與某人説話”。如:

Can you speak French?你會説法語嗎?

Whom did you speak to just now?你剛剛在跟誰説話?

(2)talk 是不及物動詞,着重強調兩個人之間的相互説話,常見詞組有:

talk with sb.和某人談話

talk about sb./sth談論某人、某事.

talk of 談到

talk to sb與某人談話

She is talking with Mark in French.她正跟馬克用法語交談。

We are talking about our summer holiday.我們在談論暑假。.

(3)say 一般作及物動詞,強調説話的內容。如:

What did you say just now?你剛剛説了什麼?

Let’s go and say hello to him.讓我們去向他問個好吧。

(4)tell常作及物動詞,表示“講述,告訴”,後面常跟隨雙賓語,即tell ..還可用在tell of sb./sth.中。如:

I will tell you the truth tomorrow.我明天將告訴你實情。

He often tells of his sister.他經常談到他的姐姐。

r, happen, take place 的區別

都表示發生,都是不及物動詞,不能用於被動語態中,也不能把過去分詞用來作形容詞。

1)happen往往還有“偶然”或“未能預見”的意思。

eg.

I didn’t buy it, because it happened that I had no money on me.

我沒買那東西,因為當時碰巧身上沒帶錢。

2)occur有時按計劃使某些事或結果“發生”,有時強調“呈現”於人的知覺、心腦。

eg.

It didn’t seem to have occurred to him that the masses, once mobilized, could work greater wonders than any individual could dream of .

他彷彿沒有想到羣眾一旦動員起來,可以做出任何人所夢想不到的奇蹟。

3)take place可指事件“發生”,但更常用表示“舉行”。

eg. The meeting took place in the great auditorium. 會議在大禮堂裏舉行。

y, bring, take, fetch, get的區別

1)carry指隨身攜帶,不特別表示帶到什麼地方,而攜帶的方式是提、扛、背、抬等。

eg. He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.

他肩膀上扛着一個木箱。

2)bring指從別處把東西拿來,其後可跟雙賓語、直接賓語,也可以是抽象名詞。

eg. Please bring me a new pencil.

請給我拿支新鉛筆來。

3)take指把東西從説話人這兒帶到別處去,同bring方向正好相反。

eg. The monkey took the tiger to a big river.

猴子把老虎帶到大河邊。

4)fetch和get意思差不多,指去別處拿來,等於go and bring, 表示一往一返。get常用於口語。

eg. Let’s fetch some water. 咱們去打點水來。

h, smile的區別

1) laugh指一般的笑,或出聲大笑。

eg. He laughed loudly when he heard what I said.

他聽見我説的話之後,放聲大笑。

2)smile 指無聲地“微笑”。

eg. We can see from far that our guests are smiling and waving at us.

從遠處我們可以看見我們的客人在向我們微笑,在向我們揮手。

st, nearly 的區別

1)almost = very nearly都表示“幾乎,差不多”,常可通用。

eg.

It’s almost / nearly two o’clock, 差不多兩點了。

He fell off a tree and almost / nearly died. 他從樹上摔下,險些喪命。

解析 從實際事實角度講,almost比nearly的“差距”更小。從説話人的心理角度講,nearly暗含“仍有差距”,almost暗含“似無差別”比如上面的例句。第一句用almost 比nearly反映出實際時間更接近two o’clock, 但用almost時反映出説話人的心理活動是“還差一點才到整兩點”。若用nearly則心理活動是“可以説已到整兩點”。第二句也是這樣。用almost的心理活動是“仍活着”,用nearly是“快死了”。可以看出心理角度的不同決定着對二者的選用。

2)almost和nearly可以互換的場合。

I.在肯定句中。

eg.

I’m almost / nearly 90 years old. 我差不多快90歲了。

She fell and almost / nearly broke her neck. 我跌倒了,頸骨險些骨折。

II.修飾all, every, always等時。

eg. I almost / nearly always go to bed at eleven.

我差不多總是11點鐘上牀睡覺。

III.在行為動詞的否定式前。

eg. He almost / nearly didn’t hear what I said.

他幾乎未聽見我講了些什麼。

3)只能使用almost 的場合。

I.修飾no, none, never, any 以及no 和any的合成詞。

eg.

I have almost nothing to do today.

我今天幾乎什麼都沒做。

This word is to be found in almost any dictionary.

這個詞幾乎在任何一本詞典中都能查到。

This is almost none left. 幾乎沒有人走。

II.修飾表示感覺或心境的動詞和形容詞。

eg.

You could almost imagine you were on Switzerland. 你幾乎可以設想你在瑞士。

I almost think you’re right. 我還不完全相信你是對的。

III.修飾move than和too.

eg.

That’s almost too much.那簡直太過分了。

注意:謂語動詞不是行為動詞時,almost不與not 連用。

4)只能用nearly的場合,被very, not, pretty所修飾時。

eg.

I’m not nearly ready. 我還沒有準備好。

I know pretty nearly all the secrets of her married life.

她的婚姻生活的祕密我幾乎全部知道。

注意:not nearly = far from, much less than. 差得遠,遠遠不夠。

eg.

There’s not nearly enough money for a new car.

買一部新車的錢,還差得很遠。

I.表示快要做什麼事,但後來“沒有做”或“避開不做時”。

eg. We nearly called to see you last Saturday.

我們上星期六差點來看你。

on與ordinary

1)common意為“普通的,一般的,平常的”,是指符合或具有同類的人或事物所共有的特徵。例如:common sense 常識,a common mistake 一般的錯誤,common people老百姓,common knowledge人所共知的事。

eg. Heart disease is one of the commonest causes of death. 心臟病是最常見的死因之一。

2)ordinary 在意思上與common很接近,也有“平常的”“普遍的”之意。但其着重點與common不同,common着重於共性,而ordinary則側重於平常,具有並無非常或獨特之處之意。例如:an ordinary teacher 一個普通教師,不能説成a common teacher.

eg. Our chemistry teacher is an ordinary little man with thick glasses.

我們的化學老師是一個相貌平常的,戴深度眼鏡的小個子男人。

17.each other與one another 的區別

each other和one another是兩組相互代詞,一般説來,each other 用於兩個人或兩個事物之間,但這種區別在現代英語中已不明顯。

and I know each other very well。

你我相互都很瞭解。

All the children here are fond of one another。

這裏所有的孩子相互都很喜歡。

注意:each other有時可分開使用,這時each可以用作主語。

tries to do better than the other in their work.

每個人在工作中都盡力比別人做得更好。

重點難點聚焦

一、動名詞在句中作主語

Collecting stamps will cost you a lot of money.集郵將花費你很多錢。

Driving a car isn’t as comfortable as traveling by train.

開車旅行不如乘火車旅行舒服。

1. it作形式主語,當動名詞短語在句中作主語時,為了保持句子平衡,我們用it作為形式主語,而將真正的主語放在句末。

It’s dangerous playing in the street.在街上玩是危險的。

It’s no good arguing with him.與他爭論是沒有好處的。

必背句型:

It’s no use doing…= It’s of no use / It’s useless + to do sth.

It’s no good doing…

It’s a waste of …doing sth..

It’s very difficult doing sth..

It’s nice doing sth.

注:能用動名詞作主語的句子比較少一些,主要用於no good, no use, useless, senseless, dangerous,waste等詞作表語的句子。

2.在下列句型中只能用動名詞作主語。

There is no+v-ing(…是不可能的)

=It is impossible to do sth.

=No one can …(or we can not…)

There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。

There is no getting in touch with him和他取得聯繫是不可能的。

注:動名詞短語在句中作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數。

二、 動名詞在句中作表語

動名詞在句中作表語時一般表示抽象的習慣性的動作,表語和主語常常可以互換。

My job is teaching English.(Teaching English is my job.)我的工作是教英語。

三、 動名詞在句中作賓語

They have finished doing their homework.他們已經做完作業了。

Nothing can stop us from realizing the four modernizations in our country.

什麼也不能阻止我們國家實現四個現代化。

1.在下面的及物動詞或短語後面,只能用動名詞作賓語。

advise建議,admit承認,allow允許,appreciate感謝,欣賞avoid避免,consider考慮,認為,delay推遲,deny否認,dislike討厭,enjoy喜歡,escape逃脱,excuse原諒,finish完成,forgive原諒,imagine想像,keep保持,mention提到,mind介意,miss錯過,postpone延緩,practise練習,prevent阻止,resist 抵抗,risk冒險,suggest建議,understand理解,can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做……,can’t stand不能忍受,give up 放棄,put off 推遲,leave off 停止等。

I don’t allow smoking in my room.我不允許在我房內吸煙。

She can’t stand waiting for her friend for a long time.她不能忍受長時間等候朋友。

Would you mind opening the window for me ?您介意替我把窗子打開嗎?

Excuse my being late,please.=Excuse me for being late.請原諒我來遲了

Heavy rain prevented my visiting him yesterday.=Heavy rain prevented me from visiting him yesterday.昨天,大雨阻止了我拜訪他。

2.在介詞後面作賓詞,動名詞常跟在一些固定詞組後作賓語。

(1)add to加上,be afraid of 怕(產生某種後果),be ashamed of為……感到羞愧,be busy(in)doing sth.忙於做某事,be clever at在……方面聰明,be engaged in從事於,be fond of喜歡,be good at擅長,be interested in對……感興趣,be proud of為……而驕傲,be successful in在……方面成功,be sick of對……感到噁心,be sentenced to宣判,be tired of厭煩,come to談到,depend on依靠,dream of夢想,devote…to…把……貢獻,excuse…for…為……而原諒,feel like願意 ,get to開始,hear of 聽説insist on堅持,know of對……瞭解,keep…from…阻止……做……,persist in堅持 ,set about 動手去做, spend…on在……花費,spend…(in)doing sth.花……做某事, stop…from…阻止……做……,stick to堅持,succeed in在……取得成功,thank…for… 為……而感謝……,think of 想到.

注:insist on 表示對要求、看法、意見或主張的“堅持”;stick to 表示對“願望、原則、決定、諾言、意見、理想或某種理論的堅持不渝;persist in 表示對某種活動堅持不懈或對某種信念固執不改。

表示“阻止某人做某事”的幾個短語中stop,prevent 後的from可以省略,而keep後的from不能省,因為keep sb. doing sth. 表示”使某人一直做某事”.

(2)在下面句型中也常用動名詞.

There is no use/ need /harm/ hurry +in doing sth

There be/We have fun /some difficulty/some trouble/problem/pleasure/a good time/a hard time +in doing sth.

例如:

He is busy preparing his lessons.他忙於備課。

Einstein spent the rest of his life living in the USA.

愛因斯坦在美國度過他的晚年。

I had some difficulty in explaining the maths problem to him.

我費勁地給解釋這道數學題。

The little girl is interested in drawing pictures.小姑娘對畫畫感興趣。

We look forward to going abroad.我們盼望出國。

Is there any hope of your team winning the match?

你們隊在比賽中有希望獲勝嗎?

He insists on no one knowing about the experiment.

他堅持認為沒人瞭解有關實驗的情況。

四、分詞在句中作表語

在系動詞be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,sound,appear等後面的現在分詞作表語時,一般表示主動或表示主語的性質和特徵。含有“令人……”之意,多數情況下主語為物:

The first impressions are most lasting.最初的印象歷時最久。

This piece of news is encouraging.這條消息鼓舞人心。

作表語的分詞大部分是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的,而且這類分詞實際上已基本形容詞化。常見的有以下分詞:

amusing,astonishing,boring,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,exciting,interesting,missing,promising,puzzling,shocking,surprising,striking等。

The novel is very interesting and we are all interested in it.

這本小説很有趣,我們對它都很感興趣。

These colours are pleasing.這些色彩令人愉快。

作表語的現在分詞和進行時態中的現在分詞的區別。

在系表結構中,現在分詞表示主語的特性,be 為系動詞,可以換作其他的系動詞。而在進行進態中,現在分詞表示主語正在進行的動作,在句中與助動詞be一起構成謂語,此結構中的助動詞be不能換成其他的助動詞。

The news is moving.這消息令人感動。

(moving為表語,説明主語的特性)

His heroic deeds are moving us.他的英雄事蹟正在感動着我們。(moving為現在分詞,與助動詞are構成謂語)

時尚口語交際

(一)立刻接通某人

1.I’II connect you.我為您轉接。

2.I’II transfer you .我為您轉接。

3.I’II put you through.我為您轉接。

(二)對方説話不清楚

1.I beg your pardon?請再説一遍。

more, please.請再説一遍,好嗎?

d you please repeat that?請再説一遍,好嗎?

you speak a little more slowly?請您説得慢些好嗎?

(三)對方要找的人不能來接電話

1.I’m sorry, Mr Green is tied up at the moment.抱歉,Mr Green脱不開身來聽電話。

2.I’m sorry, Mr Green is busy right now.抱歉,Mr Green此刻正在忙着。

3.I’m sorry, Mr Green has a visitor right now.抱歉,Mr Green此刻正在接待客人。

4.I’m sorry, Mr Green is in the meeting right now.抱歉,Mr Green此刻正在開會。

5.I’m sorry,Mr Green is on the phone at the moment .抱歉,Mr Green此刻正在接電話。

6.I’m sorry, Mr Green is away on a trip. 抱歉, Mr Green 出差去了。

(四)請對方要找的人回電話

1.May I have him call you back? 請他回電話給您,好嗎?

2.Would you like him to call you back?您要他回電話嗎?

3.May I have your phone number ,please?請把您的電話號碼告訴我,好嗎?

4.What’s your phone number, please?請問您的電話號碼?

(五)轉告對方要找的人何時回來

1.Mr Green will be back around 3 o’clock.格林先生大約在3點鐘回來。

2.He should be back at any moment.他隨時都會回來。

3.You should be able to catch him in an hour at most,頂多一小時,您就可以聯繫上他。

(六)問對方是否留言

1.May/Shall/Could I take a message?我可以替您留言嗎?

2.Would you like to leave a message?您要不要留言給他?

3.Would you like me to take a message for you ?我替您捎口信好不好?

(七)感謝來電話

1.Thank you for calling.感謝您的來電。

2.Nice talking to you.能和您談談真好。

(八)掛斷電話前的招呼語

1.My best wishes to Mr Green。替我向Mr Green問好。

2.Call again when you’ve got time.有空時請再來電話。

3.Hope to see you again.希望再次與您相見。

4.Goodbye.再見

典型例題

【例1】________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A president will attend B. The president to attend

C. The president attended D. The president’s attending

精析 The president’s attending the meeting himself是現在分詞的複合結構,在句中作主語。

答案 D

【例2】-Have a nice weekend.

-Thank you._________

you later. B. What about you?

same to you . k you all the same.

精析 對於別人的祝願有兩種應答方式:

(1) 若可以互致祝願常説The same to you.也可以説And you,too.譯為“同樣祝你…”。

(2)有些祝願不能互致,只能用Thank you.來應答。(如:Happy birthday.一般情況下問者與答者不大可能是同一天生日。)故改題C為最佳選項。A、B、D項語境不妥,其中D項用於回答請求別人幫助未成功時的禮貌應答;B項用於詢問對方或別人的情況或提建議。

答案 C